Longer Though Lighter Menstrual and Intermenstural Bleeding With Copper as Compared to Inert Intrauterine Devices

Abstract

A randomized serial study of uterine blood loss was made of 281 women fitted with one of three intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs): a Lippes loop D, a Dalkon shield or a Copper 7. The increase in the amount of blood loss was greatest with Lippes loop D users and least with Copper 7 users. However, the duration of menstrual and intermenstrual bleeding and of spotting was significantly greater among Copper 7 users than with the two inert devices. Thus the mechanisms whereby IUCDs increase the duration as opposed to the volume of uterine bleeding may be different. Previous users of oral contraceptives were found to have significantly less bleeding before IUCD insertion, but showed a similar pattern of increase of uterine bleeding after IUCD insertion to those who had not used oral contraceptives. For all three IUCDs, the increment in amount and duration of uterine bleeding after insertion decreased between the first and the sixth period, on average by about 15 ml and one to two days. No subsequent improvement was found and after 12 cycles the Copper 7 users had longer but less heavy uterine blood loss than users of the Lippes loop D.

Factor XI deficiency in women

“…Menstrual bleeding was ജ5 days and ജ8 days in 83% and 25%, respectively. In the general population, the duration of a menstrual period varies from 2-8 days with a mean of 5 days [52]. The prevalence of menorrhagia in patients with FXI deficiency was 59%, compared with the prevalence of 9% [45]-11% [4] in the general population, and 75%, 65%, and 75% of them experienced bleeding through protection, flooding at night, and passage of clots, respectively.…”

Intrauterine Devices: Present and Future

“…6 and 7 is a definite improvement in both the amount and duration of bleeding as postinsertion increases. As discussed more fully elsewhere (11), this improvement is real and is not due to dropouts for the side effect being studied; but it is confined to the first few postinsertion months. Influence of age.…”

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

“…Normal menstrual cycles have been defined as a mean interval of 28 days (±7 days), with a duration of 4 days (±2 to 3 days), and menstrual flow of approximately 30 ml per cycle, with an upper limit of normal at 60–80 ml 3,4 . Any aberration from this normal pattern is considered to be abnormal.…”