Longevity of Green Foxtail Seeds in a Canadian Prairie Soil

Thomas, A. G.; Banting, J. D.; Bowes, G. G.

doi:10.4141/cjps86-028

“…Means for each depth within each year differ as determined by 95% confidence intervals. Study conducted in the semiarid prairies of Canada (Adapted from Banting et al, 1973;Thomas et al, 1986). 3-month interval between winter wheat harvest and planting, thus seedling emergence is high in the second winter wheat crop. In contrast, replacing one crop of winter wheat with another cool-season crop, such as dry pea, provides an opportunity to reduce seedlings of winter annual weeds that emerge over winter because dry pea is planted in late March or early April.…”

Section: Arranging Cool-season and Warm-season Crops In Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing weeds with a dualistic approach of prevention and control. A review

Anderson

¹

2007

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Scientists have theorized that weed management would be more efficient if prevention tactics were integrated with control tactics. The goals of prevention are to reduce weed community density and improve crop tolerance to weeds. Here we describe the impact of this approach in the semiarid steppe of the United States. As a result, producers have reduced herbicide inputs and costs by 50% compared to conventional practices. Critical factors for success with this approach are rotation design and no-till practices. Rotations comprised of two cool-season crops followed by two warm-season crops are the most disruptive of weed population growth. The impact of rotation design on weed community density is enhanced by no-till. Crop tolerance to weeds is improved by systems of cultural tactics. The tolerance is greatest when three tactics are combined together. This dualistic approach of prevention and control effectively controls weeds with four-crop rotations such that herbicides are not needed in some crops of the rotation. Weed density is so low that crop yield is not affected by weed interference. With this approach, herbicides are a choice rather than a requirement for cropping success in the semiarid steppe of the United States.crop diversity / rotation design / no-till / United States

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“…Miller and Nalewaja (1990) {sites and years} A vena fatua L. Moss (1985) {experiments, treatments, and years} Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Rampton and Ching (1966) Thomas et al (1986) . Nature of the response function was judged based on visual inspection of the data, and only cases in which sufficient data were available to make a judgment were included.…”

Section: Curve Depth Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most of the studies cited in Table 2, seeds were enclosed in mesh packets or tubes before burial (Banting 1966, Rampton and Ching 1966, 1970, Zomer et al 1984, Kannangara and Field 1985, Harradine 1986, Leguizam6n 1986, Thomas et al 1986, Donald and Zimdahll987, Miller and Nalewaja 1990. This procedure kept seeds together at the desired depth in the soil profile, but it had the unfortunate consequence that seeds that could have produced seedlings were killed.…”

Section: Curve Depth Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of the Effects of Tillage on Emergence of Weed Seedlings

Mohler¹

1993

Ecological Applications

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A simple model is developed in which the density of weed seedlings emerging in a field is related to (1) the ability of seedlings to emerge from various depths in the soil, (2) the survival of seeds at different depths, and (3) the depth of seed burial in no tillage, rotary tillage, and plow tillage. Other tillage regimes are considered by analogy. Literature is reviewed to determine biologically reasonable functions describing seedling emergence, seed survival, and distribution of seeds with depth, and parameters of these equations are estimated from data in the literature. Problems related to the mathematical description of these phenomena are discussed, and it is noted that some commonly held beliefs regarding survival of seeds in the soil are mutually incompatible. Although many studies have investigated the persistence of seeds as a function of depth in the soil, few have distinguished death from the production of seedlings. The model indicates that in the first year following input of seeds to the soil, no tillage will have more seedlings than tillage, but in later years no tillage will likely have fewer seedlings unless innate or induced dormancy is high or seed survival near the soil surface is unusually good. If seed return is allowed, no tillage or minimum tillage will have more seedlings perennially. Recovery of good weed control following a year with substantial seed input may be easiest if the soil is plowed deeply to bury the seeds, and then shallow or no tillage is used in subsequent years to avoid returning seeds to the surface. Much of the literature on the effects of tillage on weed density is difficult to interpret because little indication is given of the vertical distribution of seeds in the soil at the beginning of the experiment.

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“…When winter wheat is grown two years in a row, density of the winter annual grasses, downy brome and jointed goatgrass, escalate rapidly. Seed decay of weeds in the soil is minimal during the Banting et al, 1973;Thomas et al, 1986). 3-month interval between winter wheat harvest and planting, thus seedling emergence is high in the second winter wheat crop. In contrast, replacing one crop of winter wheat with another cool-season crop, such as dry pea, provides an opportunity to reduce seedlings of winter annual weeds that emerge over winter because dry pea is planted in late March or early April.…”

Section: Arranging Cool-season and Warm-season Crops In Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Weeds with a Dualistic Approach of Prevention and Control: A Review

Anderson

2009

Sustainable Agriculture

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-Scientists have theorized that weed management would be more efficient if prevention tactics were integrated with control tactics. The goals of prevention are to reduce weed community density and improve crop tolerance to weeds. Here we describe the impact of this approach in the semiarid steppe of the United States. As a result, producers have reduced herbicide inputs and costs by 50% compared to conventional practices. Critical factors for success with this approach are rotation design and no-till practices. Rotations comprised of two cool-season crops followed by two warm-season crops are the most disruptive of weed population growth. The impact of rotation design on weed community density is enhanced by no-till. Crop tolerance to weeds is improved by systems of cultural tactics. The tolerance is greatest when three tactics are combined together. This dualistic approach of prevention and control effectively controls weeds with four-crop rotations such that herbicides are not needed in some crops of the rotation. Weed density is so low that crop yield is not affected by weed interference. With this approach, herbicides are a choice rather than a requirement for cropping success in the semiarid steppe of the United States.crop diversity / rotation design / no-till / United States

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Longevity of Green Foxtail Seeds in a Canadian Prairie Soil

Abstract: Seeds of green foxtail, Setariaviridis (L.) Beauv

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Managing weeds with a dualistic approach of prevention and control. A review

Managing weeds with a dualistic approach of prevention and control. A review

A Model of the Effects of Tillage on Emergence of Weed Seedlings

Managing Weeds with a Dualistic Approach of Prevention and Control: A Review

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