Longitudinal Analysis of Substance Use Disorder Symptom Severity at Age 18 Years and Substance Use Disorder in Adulthood

McCabe, Sean Esteban; Schulenberg, John E.; Schepis, Ty S.; McCabe, Vita V.; Veliz, Philip

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5324

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Internalizing pathways to high-risk substance use in rural and non-rural adolescents Substance use can have deleterious effects on adolescents, including the risk of progression to substance use disorder (SUD) in adulthood (McCabe et al, 2022). However, not all adolescents develop harmful forms of substance use, and not all contexts present equal levels of risk (Miech et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internalizing and externalizing pathways to high-risk substance use and geographic location in Australian adolescents

Willis

Kersh²,

Buchanan³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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One specific instantiation of the storm-and-stress view of adolescence is the idea that “normal” adolescence involves high-risk substance use behaviors. However, although uptake of some substance use behaviors is more common during adolescence than other life stages, it is clear that not all adolescents engage in risky substance use—and among those who do, there is much variation in emotional, behavioral, and contextual precursors of this behavior. One such set of predictors forms the internalizing pathway to substance use disorder, whereby internalizing symptoms in childhood such as negative affect and anxiety set off a chain of consequences culminating in high-risk substance use in late adolescence. However, findings linking internalizing symptoms to substance use are mixed, and it is clear that this link varies across adolescents and contexts. One heretofore unanswered question is whether and how geographic location, specifically whether the adolescent lives in an urban or rural location, moderates this link. The current report is a secondary analysis of data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; N = 2,285), in which we examined the link between internalizing symptoms in childhood and initiation of substance use through age 19. Using a multiple event process survival mixture model (MEPSUM), we identified three trajectories of substance use initiation in adolescence: one (65.7% of the sample) characterized by near-complete abstinence until late adolescence, another (27.2%) by earlier initiation of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis, and another (7.2%) by early initiation of these substances and later initiation of more hazardous drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. Although childhood externalizing symptoms increased the risk of being in the second or third class, internalizing symptoms decreased risk when rural and non-rural adolescents were considered together. Few effects of rurality were found, but the negative relationship between internalizing at age 10 and high-risk substance use was only observed among non-rural adolescents. This finding, which was inconsistent with our initial predictions that rurality might confer higher risk for substance use, instead suggests a potentially protective effect of internalizing symptoms for engagement in risky substance use which may differ based on an adolescent’s geographical context.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internalizing and externalizing pathways to high-risk substance use and geographic location in Australian adolescents

Willis

Kersh²,

Buchanan³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…In addition, they also had the highest adjusted odds of prescription drug use as adults. These findings suggest that individuals with severe SUD symptoms as adolescents do not grow out of their drug problems; they also face more severe long-term consequences than adolescents with no or low SUD symptoms [ 10 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Substance Abuse in Adolescents: A Review of High-Impact Strategies

Hsiung¹,

Patel²,

Hundal³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Substance abuse has been an intractable societal concern in the US for more than half a century. The recent opioid epidemic has only accentuated this problem. Adolescents are significant long-term contributors to the crisis due to their susceptibilities to drug abuse and impressionable age. This review examines the particular vulnerabilities of the adolescent brain to drug abuse and the risk and protective factors thereof, especially in light of the Rat Park studies. In addition, the article provides an overview of the evidence-based prevention program registries and offers detailed summaries of two: Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development (Blueprints) and the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP). By combining inputs from Blueprints and WSIPP, five programs with the highest benefit-cost ratios (BCR) were identified: Functional Family Therapy, Positive Family Support, Lifeskills Training, Positive Action, and Good Behavior Game. In light of their outstanding characteristics, these programs are poised to be widely implemented and to make a measurable difference in the fight against substance and opioid abuse.

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“…For example, about 50% of US adult smokers started before the age of 18 and about 83% before the age of 21 (Ali et al 2020). Also, problematic drug-taking in adolescence is associated with more severe problems with drugs in adulthood (McCabe et al 2022), and adolescent drug use is associated with higher risk for developing anxiety disorders (Moylan et al 2013). This is important because anxiety may itself drive drug-taking behavior, as it often precedes substance use problems (Bushnell et al 2019) and is a predictor of relapse (Willinger et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats

Gutierrez,

Taffe

2024

Preprint

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Adolescent drug exposure has been associated with more severe mental health outcomes related to substance abuse and anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to contrast the long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence with similar heroin exposure in adulthood. Groups of female Wistar rats underwent twice daily 30-minute sessions of heroin or propylene glycol (control) vapor inhalation from postnatal days (PND) 36-45 or PND 85-94, respectively. Nociception was assessed after vapor inhalation sessions and forty days later, for the Adolescent-Exposed and Adult-Exposed groups. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed with an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and spatial learning was assessed with a Barnes maze. Acute effects of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) and heroin (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) on thermal nociception were determined on PND 140/189 and PND 149/198, respectively. Repeated heroin vapor inhalation produced anti-nociceptive tolerance across sessions in both adolescent and adult rats, with the adolescents exhibiting more complete tolerance. Heroin vapor inhalation produced anxiolytic effects, regardless of age of exposure. There were no effects of heroin on spatial learning. Naloxone produced acute hyperalgesia in all but the Adolescent-Exposed heroin group, and heroin anti-nociception was blunted in both heroin-exposed groups at the highest heroin dose. Repeated heroin vapor inhalation can produce lasting effects on nociception and anxiety-like behavior that persist for months after the exposure. Importantly, these findings suggest that adolescent exposure to heroin vapor produces specific effects on nociception that are not observed when exposure occurs in adulthood.

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Longitudinal Analysis of Substance Use Disorder Symptom Severity at Age 18 Years and Substance Use Disorder in Adulthood

Abstract: This cohort study evaluates the association between substance use disorder symptoms at adolescence and substance use disorder in adulthood using data from the Monitoring the Future study.

Cited by 43 publications

References 48 publications

Internalizing and externalizing pathways to high-risk substance use and geographic location in Australian adolescents

Internalizing and externalizing pathways to high-risk substance use and geographic location in Australian adolescents

Preventing Substance Abuse in Adolescents: A Review of High-Impact Strategies

Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats

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