Longitudinal Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific Gamma Interferon Responses during the First Year of Life in HIV-1-Infected Infants

Section: Cd4supporting

confidence: 74%

Rapid Virus Dissemination in Infant Macaques after Oral Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure in the Presence of Local Innate Immune Responses

Abel

Pahar

Rompay

et al. 2006

“…Previous studies of limited numbers of HIV-infected infants have demonstrated that HIVspecific CD8 ϩ T-cell responses can be detected at low frequency in some infants (5,24,35). Moreover, when detected in infancy, the CD8 ϩ T-cell responses generated had no immediate benefit in clinical outcome (5,23,32), and no studies have compared IU, IP, and chronic pediatric infection. Recent reports that CD8 ϩ T-cell responses in infants can exert selection pressure in vivo in known CD8 ϩ T-cell epitopes within the first few months of life (10,20,29) suggest that in some instances, at least, these responses may be functional.…”

Section: An Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv)-spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺T-Cell Activity Is Detectable from Birth in the Majority of In Utero-Infected Infants

Thobakgale

Ramduth

Reddy

et al. 2007

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants in sub- 00083). Gag-specific CD4؉ T-cell responses were minimal to undetectable in the first 6 months of pediatric infection. These data indicate that failure to control HIV replication in in utero-infected infants is not due to an inability to induce responses but instead suggest secondary failure of adaptive immunity in containing this infection. Moreover, the detection of virusspecific CD8 ؉ T-cell responses in the first days of life in most in utero-infected infants is encouraging for HIV vaccine interventions in infants.

“…The primary cohort involved follow-up of 474 Kenyan infants from 1999 to 2003, detailed elsewhere (15,19). This study was conducted before antiretroviral therapy (ART) became widely available in Kenya, and women and infants received ART only for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated with Increased Frequencies of Activated and Apoptosis-Vulnerable T Cells in HIV-1-Infected Infants

Slyker

Rowland‐Jones

Dong

et al. 2012

Self Cite

i Cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection is associated with infant HIV-1 disease progression and mortality. In a cohort of Kenyan HIV-infected infants, the frequencies of activated (CD38 ؉ HLA-DR ؉ ) and apoptosis-vulnerable (CD95 ؉ Bcl-2 ؊ ) CD4 ؉ and CD8 ؉ T cells increased substantially during acute CMV infection. The frequency of activated CD4 ؉ T cells was strongly associated with both concurrent CMV coinfection (P ‫؍‬ 0.001) and HIV-1 viral load (P ‫؍‬ 0.05). The frequency of apoptosis-vulnerable cells was also associated with CMV coinfection in the CD4 (P ‫؍‬ 0.02) and CD8 (P < 0.001) T cell subsets. Similar observations were made in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. CMV-induced increases in T cell activation and apoptosis may contribute to the rapid disease progression in coinfected infants.