Longitudinal assessment of the temporal stability and predictive validity of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale

Dagnall, Neil; Denovan, Andrew; Drinkwater, Kenneth

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1094701

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Higher scores indicate greater PB. The scale is valid and reliable [ 58 , 59 ]. Observed internal reliability was satisfactory ( α = .94).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being: Latent profile analysis and longitudinal assessment of relationships

Drinkwater,

Denovan,

Dagnall

2024

PLoS ONE

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Within non-clinical samples the relationship between paranormal belief (PB) and well-being varies as a function of level of psychopathology. Accordingly, believers are best conceptualised as a heterogeneous set of sub-groups. The usefulness of previous findings has been restricted by conceptual methodological limitations. Specifically, overreliance on cross-sectional design, the assumption that believers constitute a homogeneous group, and consideration of direct effects. Acknowledging these limitations, the present study investigated whether profile membership derived from PB and psychopathology (schizotypy and manic-depressive experience) predicted well-being (i.e., stress, somatic complaints, life satisfaction and meaning in life) across time. Concurrently, analysis assessed the mediating effect of theoretically important variables (transliminality, happiness orientation, fearful and skeptical attitude). A sample of 1736 (Mage = 52, range = 18 to 88; 883 females, 845 males, eight non-binary) completed self-report measures indexing study constructs across time points. Latent profile analysis at baseline, identified three sub-groups varying in level of PB and psychopathology at baseline: Profile 1, moderate PB and high psychopathology; Profile 2, moderate PB and psychopathology; and Profile 3, moderate PB and low psychopathology. Path analysis demonstrated that Profile 1 (the highest psychopathology scoring profile) predicted higher negative and lower positive well-being over time in comparison with the other profiles. Moreover, Transliminality and Fearful Attitude positively mediated this relationship, whereas Skeptical Attitude produced negative mediation. These outcomes supported the presence of a sophisticated process underpinning the PB and well-being relationship. Overall, PB in the absence of psychopathology had no significant influence on well-being.

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“…Higher scores indicate greater PB. The scale is valid and reliable [ 58 , 59 ]. Observed internal reliability was satisfactory ( α = .94).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being: Latent profile analysis and longitudinal assessment of relationships

Drinkwater,

Denovan,

Dagnall

2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Despite these variations, many researchers continue to utilize the RPBS either as a comprehensive measure of paranormal belief or employ the seven subscales as distinct measures. Widely acknowledged as the predominant tool for assessing belief in the paranormal, it has been extensively employed in research (see: Dagnall et al, 2022;Drinkwater et al, 2017).…”

Section: Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (Rpbs; Tobacyk 2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Age of measuring paranormal and related beliefs: Psychometric properties and correlates of the Polish version of the Survey of Scientifically Unaccepted Beliefs (SSUB)

Siwiak,

Buczel,

Rabińska

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This paper presents the outcomes of a study focused on the Polish adaptation of the Survey of Scientifically Unaccepted Beliefs (SSUB; Irwin & Marks, 2013), designed to gauge individual differences in paranormal beliefs. Notably, the Polish version exhibited robust internal consistency, evidenced by Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.87 for the New Age Beliefs scale and 0.90 for the Traditional Religious Beliefs scale. Moreover, it demonstrated excellent test-retest stability. Subsequent to conducting confirmatory factor analysis, adjustments were made to streamline the scale for enhanced model fit. To validate the questionnaire, a range of measures were utilized to evaluate characteristics potentially linked to paranormal beliefs. The findings revealed positive associations between paranormal beliefs and various cognitive tendencies such as conspiracy thinking, magic ideation, superstitious thinking, bullshit receptivity, and irrationality. Furthermore, correlations with facets of the Big Five personality traits were identified. In summary, the Polish adaptation of SSUB exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties, thereby establishing its utility in assessing paranormal beliefs.

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“…Hence, subsequent psychometric evaluation should assess the test-retest reliability of the GHS. This is important because external reliability shows that participant scores are consistent and reproduced under comparable conditions on independent occasions [ 84 ]. Hence, test-retest reliability is integral to scale performance since it ensures the effective measurement of hopelessness over time.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The General Hopelessness Scale: Development of a measure of hopelessness for non-clinical samples

et al. 2023

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Noting concerns about the non-clinical efficacy of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), specifically the instrument’s ability to discriminate between lower levels of hopelessness, this paper describes the development of the General Hopelessness Scale (GHS) for use with general samples. Following a literature review an item pool assessing the breadth of the hopelessness construct domain was created. This was then placed in survey form and assessed within two independent studies. Study 1 (N = 305, 172 women, 133 men, Mage = 28.68) explored factorial structure, item performance, and convergent validity of the GHS in relation to standardised measures of self-esteem and trait hopelessness. In Study 2 (N = 326, 224 women, 102 men, Mage = 26.52), scrutiny of the GHS occurred using confirmatory factor analysis and invariance tests, alongside item performance and convergent validity analyses relative to measures of affect, optimism, and hope. Factor analysis (using minimum average partial correlations and exploratory factor analysis) within Study 1 revealed the existence of four dimensions (Negative Expectations, Hope, Social Comparison, and Futility), which met Rasch model assumptions (i.e., good item/person fit and item/person reliability). Further psychometric assessment within Study 2 found satisfactory model fit and gender invariance. Convergent validity testing revealed moderate to large associations between the GHS and theoretically relevant variables (self-esteem, trait hopelessness, affect, optimism, and hope) across Study 1 and 2. Further examination of performance (reliability and ceiling and floor effects) within Study 1 and 2 demonstrated that the GHS was a satisfactory measure in non-clinical settings. Additionally, unlike the BHS, the GHS does not assume that administrators are trained professionals capable of advising on appropriate interventions.

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Longitudinal assessment of the temporal stability and predictive validity of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being: Latent profile analysis and longitudinal assessment of relationships

Paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being: Latent profile analysis and longitudinal assessment of relationships

New Age of measuring paranormal and related beliefs: Psychometric properties and correlates of the Polish version of the Survey of Scientifically Unaccepted Beliefs (SSUB)

The General Hopelessness Scale: Development of a measure of hopelessness for non-clinical samples

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