Longitudinal associations between bone and adipose tissue biochemical markers with bone mineralization in boys during puberty

Abstract

BackgroundWe investigated longitudinal relationships between the biochemical markers of bone and adipose tissue with bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SED) in pubertal boys.MethodsNinety-six boys (11.9 ± 0.6 years old) were measured at baseline, after 12 and 24 months. Body composition (fat mass [FM], lean body mass [LBM]), and whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD and BMC were assessed. Additionally, serum leptin, adiponectin, osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were measured.ResultsOC had a strong longitudinal inverse effect on changes in WB_BMD (p < 0.001) and LS_BMD (p = 0.021), while CTX had an inverse effect only on changes in FN_BMD (p = 0.011). Leptin had an inverse effect on changes in WB_BMC/WB_BMD (p = 0.001), FN_BMD (p = 0.002) and LS_BMD (p = 0.001). MVPA showed a longitudinal inverse effect on changes in leptin (p = 0.030), however no longitudinal effect of SED to biochemical markers of bone and adipose tissue was found.ConclusionsBone metabolism markers have negative effect on bone mineral accrual during puberty. Increases in MVPA affect leptin, suggesting a positive link of MVPA through leptin metabolism on increases in bone mineralization during puberty.

The impact of excess body fat on bone remodeling in adolescents

“…Additionally, we highlight that mean BA advancement over mean CA was observed in boys and girls of all weight groups. This observation has also been pointed out for girls in the specialized literature [28], but controversies exist for boys [39]. Recently, Vandewalle et al [40] confirmed these findings, which were also observed in the present study.…”

“…The sample consisted of 96 boys evaluated at three time points: baseline and 12 and 24 months of follow-up. The results showed that the bone metabolism markers had a negative effect on bone mineral accrual during puberty and that increases in physical activity level affected leptin, suggesting a positive effect of physical training through leptin metabolism on increases in bone mineralization during puberty in boys [28]. Despite its cross-sectional design, using a homogenous sample in terms of habitual physical activity level in which all nutritional groups were classified as sedentary, the present study demonstrated the impact of adiposity on bone mass and bone biomarkers.…”

“…Within this context, we can highlight a recent longitudinal study investigating associations between biochemical markers of bone and adipose tissue during puberty [28].…”

Longitudinal Adaptations of Bone Mass, Geometry, and Metabolism in Adolescent Male Athletes: The PRO-BONE Study

“…Moreover, there are no studies in adolescent athletes using the recently developed trabecular bone score (TBS), which can predict fracture risk and fragility of the lumbar spine . Furthermore, there are no longitudinal studies on the effects of sport participation on bone turnover and nutrition markers, such as N‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP), isomer of the Carboxi‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX‐I), total serum calcium, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which can further explain bone formation and resorption in relation to the sports practiced …”

“…(39,40) Furthermore, there are no longitudinal studies on the effects of sport participation on bone turnover and nutrition markers, such as N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP), isomer of the Carboxi-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-I), total serum calcium, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which can further explain bone formation and resorption in relation to the sports practiced. (41)(42)(43) Therefore, the scope of the present investigation was to determine the longitudinal (1-year) differences on clinically relevant DXA-measured BMC sites, hip geometry estimates, TBS, and bone turnover and nutritional markers in adolescent male athletes engaged in football, swimming, and cycling and active controls aged 12 to 14 years at baseline.…”