Longitudinal Associations Between Cognitive Deficits in Childhood and Psychopathological Symptoms in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Morales‐Muñoz, Isabel; Upthegrove, Rachel; Mallikarjun, Pavan; Broome, Matthew R.; Marwaha, Steven

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4724

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Finally, our findings concerning depressive symptoms reveal them to be markedly intrapersonal in nature, rather than purely interpersonal experiences. These results support existing research into ontological relationships with cognitive, motivational, or perceptual phenomena such as cognitive biases and irrational beliefs alongside the appearance and maintenance of different mental disorders [ 73 , 74 ] or the comorbidity between depressive and obsessive–compulsive behaviors [ 8 , 10 , 17 , 75 ]. In general, bridge symptoms of intrapersonal perception (e.g., “feels lonely”, “I feel people dislike me”, “people have been unfriendly”) which reflect the distance between the desire to establish social relationships and the reality of such relationships—as well as the presence of devaluation or ruminant thoughts about social identity—have been shown to be consistent features of comorbidity in depression [ 69 , 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The dynamics of psychological attributes and symptomatic comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents

Hernández

Tello

Ortíz

2023

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose This investigation aimed to explore attribute dynamics and symptomatic comorbidity of depression with internalizing, externalizing, and other personal–contextual problems in children and adolescents from a network analysis. Methods We tested an attribute network of regularized partial correlations, standard and alternative centrality measures, and comorbidity bridge symptoms according to centrality bridge measures. Results Regularized partial correlation network and a centrality measures graph shown the prominent position of social problems and anxiety–depression. Minimum spanning tree (MST) found a hierarchical dynamics between attributes where mixed anxiety–depression was identified as the core and the other attributes were hierarchically connected to it by being positioned in six branches that are differentiated according to their theoretical contents. The most central connections are established with the attributes of their own community or theoretical groups, and 37 bridge symptoms were identified in all networks. Conclusions A significant role of mixed anxiety depression as an activator and intermediary of psychopathologies was supported as a central attribute of internalizing problems. Aggressive behavior as part of the broad externalizing dimension was one of the constructs that most intensively activate the network, and social problems were also distinguished as a relevant factor not only in terms of connections and central attributes but also in terms of bridge symptoms and comorbidity. This framework extends to the study of symptomatic “comorbidity.”

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The dynamics of psychological attributes and symptomatic comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents

Hernández

Tello

Ortíz

2023

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Within a disorder family, high degree of similarities exist among individual disorders in terms of genetic heritability (31, 32) and neuroanatomical patterns (33). As a result, we only consider comorbidity between the larger diagnostic families, i.e., between internalizing and externalizing disorders (34). Children with though disorders were excluded due to the small sample size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity of cortical area and thickness as biomarkers for comorbid internalizing and externalizing mental disorders in pre-adolescence

Kuang

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Comorbidity is the rule rather than the exception for childhood and adolescent onset mental disorders, but we cannot predict its occurrence and do not know the neural mechanisms underlying comorbidity. We investigate if the effects of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders on anatomical changes represent a simple aggregate of the effects on each disorder, and if comorbidity-related cortical surface changes relate to a distinct genetic underpinning. Methods: We studied the cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (CT) of 11,878 preadolescents (9-10 years) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Linear mixed models were implemented in comparative and association analyses among internalizing (Dysthymia, Major Depressive Disorder, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, Specific Phobia, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), externalizing diagnostic groups (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct disorder) a group with comorbidity of the two and a healthy control group. Genome-wide association analysis and cell type specificity analysis were performed on 4,716 unrelated European participants from this cohort. Results: Reduced cortical surface area but increased thickness occurs across patient groups when compared to controls. Children with comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders had more pronounced areal reduction than those without comorbidity, indicating an additive burden. In contrast, cortical thickness had a non-linear effect with comorbidity: the comorbid group had no significant CT changes, while those patient groups without comorbidity had significant thickness increases. Distinct biological pathways were implicated for regional SA and CT changes. Specifically, CT changes were associated with immune-related processes implicating microglia, while SA-related changes related mainly to excitatory neurons. Conclusions: The emergence of comorbidity across distinct clusters of psychopathology is unlikely to be a simple additive neurobiological effect. Distinct risk-adaptation processes, with unique genetic and cell-specific factors may underlie SA and CT changes. Children with highest risk but lowest resilience, both captured in their developmental morphometry, develop a comorbid illness pattern.

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“…Given the established link between psychopathology and cognition (Abramovitch et al, 2021;Chavez-Baldini et al, 2023;Kjelkenes et al, 2022), specifically that early life cognitive functioning has been associated with later psychopathology (Caspi et al, 2020;Morales-Muñoz et al, 2021), deviant cognitive maturation in youth represents a possible vulnerability factor for current and future psychopathology. Here, we aimed to quantify deviant cognitive maturation through cognitive age prediction and investigate the association between age-corrected CAG (cCAG) and self-reported psychological distress in a populationbased convenience sample of youth aged 9 to 25 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive age prediction and psychological distress in adolescence

Moskal,

Voldsbekk,

Leonardsen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Adolescence is characterized by fine tuning of cognitive functions. Reduced cognitive functioning is associated with increased psychological distress. Deviation from typical cognitive maturation may represent a marker of later psychological difficulty. Objectives: We examined the cross-sectional relationship between an estimate of cognitive maturation and symptoms of psychological distress in a convenience sample of youth (n=566, age 9-25 years, 73% females). Methods: Extending the conceptual approach used for brain age prediction, we used machine learning and out-of-sample validation to estimate the cognitive age of each participant, based on performance on a computerized cognitive test battery. For each participant, chronological age was subtracted from predicted cognitive age to procure a cognitive age gap (CAG) as a measure of deviant cognitive maturation. As measures of psychological distress, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, depression and generalized anxiety were assessed using sum scores from the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997), Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ; Angold et al., 1995) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; Spitzer et al., 2006). We tested the association between age-corrected CAG (cCAG)and psychological domains using linear models accounting for relevant confounders and corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: The out-of-sample age prediction accuracy for the cognition model was acceptable (r=.57, R2=0.33, RMSE=2.34, MAE=1.84). Lower cCAG was associated with higher emotional symptoms (ß=-.08, SE=0.029, p=.005, pcorr=.032) and anxiety (ß=-.07, SE=0.030 p=.014, pcorr=.044). No significant associations were found between cCAG and the remaining domains of psychological distress.Conclusion: Deviating negatively from expected cognitive maturation was associated with higher emotional symptoms and anxiety in this population-based sample of youth. This supports that cognitive development represents a relevant factor in psychological wellbeing.

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Longitudinal Associations Between Cognitive Deficits in Childhood and Psychopathological Symptoms in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

The dynamics of psychological attributes and symptomatic comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents

The dynamics of psychological attributes and symptomatic comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents

Specificity of cortical area and thickness as biomarkers for comorbid internalizing and externalizing mental disorders in pre-adolescence

Cognitive age prediction and psychological distress in adolescence

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