Longitudinal Associations Between Walking Speed and Amount of Self-reported Time Spent Walking Over a 9-Year Period in Older Women and Men

Best, John R.; Liu-Ambrose, Teresa; Metti, Andrea L.; Rosso, Andrea; Satterfield, Suzanne; Studenski, Stephanie A.; Newman, Anne B.; Rosano, Caterina

doi:10.1093/gerona/glx129

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These findings validate previous results [23], by demonstrating the relationship persists in a less highly selected, more representative sample of older adults, and when PF and PA measures are collected annually as opposed to every 4-5 years. Other studies examining the relationships between PA and PF, in older adults, have yielded mixed results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A secondary analytic approach was specified a priori; the goal of this analysis was to, as closely as possible, match the analytic approach used in our previous work, which contained three-time points of PF and PA [23], to determine if results were consistent. This approach estimated raw PA and PF change scores, using only data from cycles 1, 5 and 9, to define 'early change' (cycles 5-1) and 'late change' (cycles 9-5).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interventions promoting PA can also promote PF [12,[20][21][22]. Few studies have examined the association of PF predicting PA. We recently showed declining walking speed over 4 years among high-functioning, communitydwelling older adults significantly predicted declining PA engagement over the subsequent 5 years but PA did not predict walking speed [23]. Here, we aim to extend this line of inquiry to a less highly selected and more representative samples of older adults with a greater range of co-morbidities, by testing the bidirectional associations between PF and PA over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults

et al. 2018

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Background physical function (PF) and physical activity (PA) both decline as adults age and have been linked to negative outcomes, including dementia, depression and cardiovascular diseases. Although declines in each are associated with numerous negative outcomes, the longitudinal relationship between these two measures is unclear. Objective to examine the dynamic, bidirectional associations between declines in PF and PA. Design prospective cohort. Setting the Monongahela–Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (MYHAT) study. Subjects about 1,404 men and women, 76.96 ± 7.2 years, 62.4% female and 95.2% white. Methods over nine annual assessment cycles, PF was evaluated via the timed Up-and-Go task and PA via a self-reported questionnaire. Piecewise latent growth models examined bidirectional associations between PA and PF to determine whether the initial values (intercept) or early slope (cycles 1–5) (in either PF or PA) predicted later slope (cycles 5–9) (in either PF or PA). Results initial PF significantly predicted early (standardised β= −0.10, P < 0.001) and later (standardised β= −0.09, P = 0.01) PA slopes. Initial PA significantly predicted later (standardised β = −0.09, P = 0.04) but not early PF slope. Associations were independent of baseline memory test scores, baseline cognitive status, later cognitive status and age. Early physical function slope neither predicts later PA slope nor did early PA slope predict later PF slope (both P values >0.10). Conclusions the relationship between PF and PA is bidirectional, with PF more consistently predicting declines of PA, both in the short- and long-term. Intervening on PF impairments may improve PA engagement, which could in turn promote PF and translate to beneficial effects on cognitive function, cardiovascular health and mood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults

et al. 2018

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“…On average, older adults sleep for a short duration, have more fragmented sleep, and have altered sleep architecture in comparison to younger adults (Scullin & Bliwise, ). Older adults also engage in fewer minutes of overall PA (Barnett, Sluijs, Ogilvie, & Wareham, ) and walk less often (Best et al, ). Such changes might negatively impact subsequent health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of dynamic, bidirectional associations in older adult physical activity and sleep quality

Best

Falck

Landry

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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Sleep quality and physical activity (PA) appear to be interrelated; thus, by promoting one behaviour, it may be possible to improve the other in older adults. Examination of the within-person day-to-day variation in PA and sleep quality could potentially elucidate the directionality of the association of these behaviours. We measured sleep quality (i.e. fragmentation, efficiency, duration and latency) and moderate-to-vigorous PA using the MotionWatch8© over 14 consecutive days and nights in community-dwelling adults (n = 152; age range 53-101 years). Multilevel modelling estimated within-subject autoregressive and cross-lagged effects and between-subject associations between PA and sleep quality. On days when individuals engaged in a high amount of PA on one day (relative to their averages), they were more likely to engage in a high amount of PA on the next day (estimate, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.24). Nights in which individuals had a long sleep latency were followed by nights in which they also had a long sleep latency (estimate, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.14). In contrast, nights in which individuals slept for a long period of time were followed by nights in which they slept relatively less than their averages (estimate, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.13, -0.04). When individuals engaged in a large amount of PA during the day, they tended to sleep longer that following night (estimate, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.02). All other associations between PA and sleep quality were not significant. Increasing PA therefore might increase sleep duration in older adults.

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“…In older men, gait speed and grip strength have been associated with MVPA ( 24 ). A recent longitudinal analysis identified gait speed to be predictive of change in amount of walking, independent of grip strength ( 25 ). In the present study, an independent influence of gait speed was observed, but not grip strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia Is Negatively Related to High Gravitational Impacts Achieved From Day-to-day Physical Activity

Hartley

Gregson

Hannam

et al. 2017

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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BackgroundSarcopenia has been associated with reduced physical activity (PA). We aimed to determine if sarcopenia, and specific components of muscle size, function, and physical performance, are associated with high impacts achieved during habitual PA, as these are related to bone strength in community-dwelling older women.MethodsParticipants were older women from the Cohort of Skeletal Health in Bristol and Avon. We defined sarcopenia using the EWGSOP criteria. Lower limb peak muscle power and force were assessed using Jumping Mechanography (JM). High vertical impacts were assessed by tri-axial accelerometry (at least 1.5g above gravity). Cross-sectional associations were analyzed by linear regression, adjusting for age, height and weight (or fat mass for models including appendicular lean mass index), comorbidities, smoking, alcohol, and Index of Multiple Deprivation.ResultsOur analyses included 380 participants, with mean age 76.7 (SD 3.0) years; 242 (64%) also completed JM. In age-adjusted analysis, a negative relationship was observed between severity of sarcopenia and high, but not medium or low, impacts (p = .03 for trend). Regarding components of sarcopenia underlying this relationship, multivariable analyses revealed that gait speed (β 1.47 [95% CI 1.14, 1.89], [β-1] reflects the proportionate increase in high impacts per SD increase in exposure) and peak force (1.40 [1.07, 1.84]) were independently associated with high impacts.ConclusionsOlder women with sarcopenia experienced fewer bone-strengthening high impacts than those with presarcopenia or without sarcopenia. To increase bone strengthening activity in older women, interventions need to improve both lower limb muscle force and walking speed.

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Longitudinal Associations Between Walking Speed and Amount of Self-reported Time Spent Walking Over a 9-Year Period in Older Women and Men

Abstract: The results suggest declining walking speed as a precursor to declining engagement in physical activity, but the converse association was not evident. Improving walking speed may be a method to increase physical activity among elderly individuals.

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults

Longitudinal changes in physical function and physical activity in older adults

Analysis of dynamic, bidirectional associations in older adult physical activity and sleep quality

Sarcopenia Is Negatively Related to High Gravitational Impacts Achieved From Day-to-day Physical Activity

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