Longitudinal detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in 1–10-week-old dairy calves on a farm in Xinjiang, China

Qi, Meng; Zhang, Kuankuan; Huang, Meigui; Wang, Siqi; Xu, Chunyan; Wu, Tian; Jing, Bo; Li, Junqiang

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06904-z

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…parvum was the most predominant species in the KOR. This finding agrees with the results observed in several other countries [ 7 , 25 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 39 ]. Most studies have proven that C .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Prevalence and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium spp. among pre-weaned diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea

et al. 2021

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Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites that belong to subphylum apicomplexa and cause diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. Data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and its subtypes among calves in the Republic of Korea (KOR) are sparse. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association between the age of calf and the identified Cryptosporidium spp. and to determine the genotypes/subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned calves with diarrhea in the KOR. A total of 460 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from calves aged 1−60 days and screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by the 18S rRNA gene. Species identification was determined using the sequencing analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, and C. parvum-positive samples were subtyped via the sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Sequence analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed the presence of three Cryptosporidium spp., namely, C. parvum (n = 72), C. ryanae (n = 12), and C. bovis (n = 2). Co-infection by these species was not observed. The infection rate was the highest in calves aged 11−20 days (26.1%, 95% CI 17.1−35.1), whereas the lowest rate was observed in calves aged 21−30 days (7.7%, 95% CI 0.0−16.1). The prevalence of C. parvum was detected exclusively in calves aged ≤20 days, and the highest infection rate of C. ryanae was seen in calves ≥31 days of age. The occurrence of C. parvum (χ2 = 25.300, P = 0.000) and C. ryanae (χ2 = 18.020, P = 0.001) was significantly associated with the age of the calves. Eleven different subtypes of the IIa family that belonging to C. parvum were recognized via the sequence analyses of the gp60 gene. Except for two (IIaA18G3R1 and IIaA15G2R1) subtypes, nine subtypes were first identified in calves with diarrhea in the KOR. IIaA18G3R1 was the most frequently detected subtype (72.2% of calves), followed by IIaA17G3R1 (5.6%), IIaA15G2R1 (4.2%), IIaA19G4R1 (4.2%), IIaA16G4R1 (2.8%), IIaA17G4R1 (2.8%), IIaA19G3R (2.8%), IIaA14G1R1 (1.4%), IIaA14G3R1 (1.4%), IIaA15G1R1 (1.4%), and IIaA19G1R1 (1.4%) These results suggest that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. is significantly associated with calf age. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the high genetic diversity of C. parvum and the widespread occurrence of zoonotic C. parvum in pre-weaned calves. Hence, calves are a potential source of zoonotic transmission with considerable public health implications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In contrast, other studies have shown that C . ryanae was not associated with diarrhea [ 26 , 39 , 50 ]. So far, the pathogenicity of C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium spp. among pre-weaned diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea

et al. 2021

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“…As indicated by results of the χ 2 analysis, five of the six C. bovis subtype families were not significantly associated with moderate or watery diarrhea in dairy cattle. This was expected, as C. bovis infection had no obvious association with diarrhea in dairy cattle in most previous studies [13,25,37]. However, in the present study, the frequency of XXVId was significantly higher in dairy cattle with moderate diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Development and Application of a gp60-Based Subtyping Tool for Cryptosporidium bovis

et al. 2021

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Cryptosporidium bovis is a common enteric pathogen in bovine animals. The research on transmission characteristics of the pathogen is hampered by the lack of subtyping tools. In this study, we retrieve the nucleotide sequence of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60) from the whole genome sequences of C. bovis we obtained previously and analyze its sequence characteristics. Despite a typical structure of the GP60 protein, the GP60 of C. bovis had only 19.3%–45.3% sequence identity to those of other Cryptosporidium species. On the basis of the gene sequence, a subtype typing tool was developed for C. bovis and used in the analysis of 486 C. bovis samples from dairy cattle, yaks, beef cattle, and water buffalos from China. Sixty-eight sequence types were identified from 260 subtyped samples, forming six subtype families, namely XXVIa to XXVIf. The mosaic sequence patterns among subtype families and the 121 potential recombination events identified among the sequences both suggest the occurrence of genetic recombination at the locus. No obvious host adaptation and geographic differences in the distribution of subtype families were observed. Most farms with more extensive sampling had more than one subtype family, and the dominant subtype families on a farm appeared to differ between pre- and post-weaned calves, indicating the likely occurrence of multiple episodes of C. bovis infections. There was an association between XXVId infection and occurrence of moderate diarrhea in dairy cattle. The subtyping tool developed and the data generated in the study might improve our knowledge of the genetic diversity and transmission of C. bovis.

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“…Of them, C. parvum was the most predominant species in the KOR. This finding agrees with the results observed in several other countries [7,25,33,36,38,39]. Most studies have proven that C. parvum mainly infects calves up to 1 month of age [33,[40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

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Longitudinal detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in 1–10-week-old dairy calves on a farm in Xinjiang, China

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Prevalence and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium spp. among pre-weaned diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea

Prevalence and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium spp. among pre-weaned diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea

Development and Application of a gp60-Based Subtyping Tool for Cryptosporidium bovis

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