Longitudinal differences in Scots pine shoot elongation

Gull, Bengt Andersson; Persson, Torgny; Fedorkov, Aleksey; Mullin, T. J.

doi:10.14214/sf.10040

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We observed a similar relationship between the timing of the growth cessation events (GRCESS and BUDSETDATE) and the geographical origin as demonstrated earlier by Mikola (1982), Hurme et al (1997), Savolainen et al (2011) and Andersson Gull et al (2018). The clinal trend was notably weaker in the growth chamber experiment (EXP1) which also showed a higher frequency of seedlings with secondary needles and other growth anomalies than EXP2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Adaptive performance of genetically improved and unimproved seedlings of Scots pine

Haapanen¹,

Ruotsalainen²

2021

Silva Fenn.

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Our main objective was to determine whether various genetically improved reproductive materials of Scots pine ( L.) differ in growth rhythm, autumn cold acclimation and resilience from unimproved materials. The study consisted of two successive indoor experiments with Scots pine seedlings representing four levels of genetic gain (unimproved natural stands, first-generation seed orchards, 1.5-generation seed orchards and seed orchards established with freezing-tested parents) and a wide range of geographical origins within Finland. The seedlings were assessed for terminal shoot elongation, growth cessation, bud set, freezing injuries and bud flushing over the first growth period. All the adaptive traits showed a latitudinal trend regardless of the genetic level. Seed orchard progenies and natural stand progenies did not differ significantly in the timing of growth cessation, bud set, and the flushing rate of the frost-injured seedlings, after the trait variation was adjusted to the latitude of origin. The differences in autumn frost hardiness were insignificant, too, except for the somewhat higher injury rate displayed by the first-generation seed orchard materials. The finding was not conclusive due to ambiguous results from the two experiments. Overall, we did not find evidence of alarming compromises in the adaptive performance of genetically improved materials.Pinus sylvestris

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Adaptive performance of genetically improved and unimproved seedlings of Scots pine

Haapanen¹,

Ruotsalainen²

2021

Silva Fenn.

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“…temperature, moisture, light, etc.) were similar for all the progenies during the two sampling times, the differences in FH among the progenies were due to the genetic factors and the conditions at the pollination sites (Lehtinen and Pulkkinen 2017;Andersson et al 2018;Neimane et al 2018;Alakärppä et al 2019;Chan 2019). In this study, the same plus-tree genotypes were cultivated from the grafts in two locations more than 1600 km apart from each other.…”

Section: Frost Hardiness Of Needlesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Since climate change is expected to cause shifts in the distribution of tree species and affect the productivity of forests, tree breeding and planting can be a way to accelerate the adaptation of the trees to the changing environment. The genes of plus trees are thought to include a coded capability for acclimation and adaptation to high seasonal variations in environmental conditions, especially temperature, photoperiod (which stays stable in a given latitude), and the quality and quantity of light (Andersson et al 2018;Alakärppä et al 2019). Therefore, they are thought to be suitable for breeding purposes.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Frost hardiness of Scots pine progenies and some woody horticultural cultivars under different preconditioning

Wu¹

2021

Diss. For.

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Frost hardiness (FH) is one of the limiting factors for the successful growth of woody plants in the boreal zone. To cultivate the plants in cold conditions, they need to be tested before they are launched to the farmers and forest owners. Appropriate preconditioning for the different progenies of the plus tree of forest seedlings within the same species, and different horticultural woody species and cultivars are not known well. To answer those questions, this study designed and implemented experiments for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) progenies, for three horticultural species, i.e., apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.), and for pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.). The study is composed of three parts with the following aims: i) to determine whether the pollination site affects the FH of the Scots pine progenies, ii) to determine the proper late-autumn preconditioning before running the frost hardiness tests of different apple, blueberry, and blackcurrant cultivars, and iii) to determine the effects of a short warm spell in mid-winter on the FH of pear cultivars. One of the important aims of the thesis was to assess and compare the different FH testing methods with the help of the experiments executed here.The first part of the study consisted of the progenies of Scots pine plus-tree seed orchards in Finland and Ukraine, in addition to the progenies from natural stands in Finland, with three seed lots from each site. FH was examined twice during cold acclimation in controlled conditions. The second part concerned the effects of different preconditioning temperatures (+3, −3, −7, and −10 °C) and their durations (one or three weeks) on the FH of two apple cultivars, three blueberry cultivars, and three blackcurrant cultivars. The third part concerned the effects of short term warm spells in mid-winter on the FH of three pear cultivars that were preconditioned in natural conditions, then dehardened in a growth chamber at +5 °C for either 3-4 days or 16 days, and then rehardened at −7 °C for 5-7 days.It was found that the freezing test temperature had a strong effect on the physiology and growth of different organs of the plus-tree progenies of Scots pine, but no consistent differences were found in FH among the progenies. The proper preconditioning temperature for the development of the maximum frost hardiness of the aboveground parts in late autumn is three weeks at −3 °C for apple and blueberry, though a shorter time for blackcurrant would be enough. The frost hardiness of the pear cultivars responded to temperature changes in mid-winter, but less than expected, and the responses were similar in all cultivars. In addition, the FH estimates of the stem by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and relative electrolyte leakage (REL) were quite similar, but these methods overestimated FH when compared to the FH by visual damage scoring. DTA results had a small variation compared to other methods but the use of DTA is limited due to the low occurrence...

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“…The heritability estimates (Table 4) confirmed the presence of genetic control over the sensitivity of growth of the studied south-eastern Baltic provenances of Scots pine to meteorological conditions. Genetic specialization of metapopulations in terms of phenology is one of the main evolutionary adaptations allowing trees to avoid damage and maximize growth via coupling of the active period(s) with favorable meteorological conditions [56,63,83,84]. However, the inter-annual fluctuations of weather conditions mostly deviate from the optimal conditions, causing growth to be sensitive to certain deviations [34,81].…”

Section: Local Specialization and Provenance Variation Of Growth Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heritability of responses to conditions in late summer of the preceding year (Table 4) could be related to the phenological differences of metapopulations [55,56,63,83,84]. Still, such genetic control over the responses to late summer conditions (Table 4) indicate the potential to alter the trade-offs between the reproductive effort and growth [75], thus maximizing growth potential under warming summers.…”

Section: Local Specialization and Provenance Variation Of Growth Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

South-Eastern Baltic Provenances of Scots Pine Show Heritable Weather-Growth Relationships

Matisons

Schneck

Jansone

et al. 2021

Forests

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The productivity of forests has been linked to the sensitivity of tree growth to meteorological conditions and their fluctuations, hence moderation of tree sensitivity is one of the goals for climate-smart forest management. For this, tree breeding is among the most effective means, particularly if breeding populations are supplemented with genotypes (provenances) adapted to the expected climates. Nonetheless, heritability of traits is essential for their improvement by breeding. In this study, heritability of growth sensitivity of south-eastern Baltic provenances of Scots pine differing by field performance to meteorological conditions was assessed combining methods of quantitative genetics and dendrochronology. Five parallel provenance trials within the south-eastern Baltic region were investigated. The effects of regional weather drivers of growth (moisture regime in summer, temperature regime in preceding summer and in the dormancy period) were estimated, yet their strengths differed among the provenances, indicating local specialization of metapopulations of Scots pine. The heritability of growth sensitivity to these factors ranged from low to moderate, similarly as observed for the morphometric traits within the region; however, the provenance (genetic) variation appeared to be higher. The differences in heritability of responses, however, indicated uneven adaptive significance of weather conditions. Although the estimates were based on a limited set of genotypes implying caution in the extrapolation of results, the weather-growth relationships and their heritability indicate that sensitivity of growth is a complementary trait aiding breeding of forest reproductive material best suited for future climates. Heritable weather-growth relationships also imply a high potential for forest breeding to moderate the sensitivity of the trees.

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Longitudinal differences in Scots pine shoot elongation

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Adaptive performance of genetically improved and unimproved seedlings of Scots pine

Adaptive performance of genetically improved and unimproved seedlings of Scots pine

Frost hardiness of Scots pine progenies and some woody horticultural cultivars under different preconditioning

South-Eastern Baltic Provenances of Scots Pine Show Heritable Weather-Growth Relationships

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