Longitudinal Effect of Stroke on Cognition: A Systematic Review

Tang, Eugene; Amiesimaka, Obreniokibo Ibifubara; Harrison, Stephanie L; Green, Emma; Price, Chris; Robinson, Louise; Siervo, Mario; Stephan, Blossom C. M.

doi:10.1161/jaha.117.006443

Cited by 144 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Due to an increase in the older population and a decline in mortality after stroke, the rate of poststroke cognitive decline has increased [4,5]. Moreover, cognitive decline can happen both immediately and long after the incidence of stroke [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those 70 years old or older including the oldest people may have traditionally been overlooked in research on cognitive decline after stroke. Most of the previous studies focused on cognitive impairment and stroke in older people separately and studies in oldest people are rare [4,16,25].Moreover, the effect of risk factors on cognitive decline in healthy older people after stroke who have recovered and continued living in the community is not clear. The big question is how the cognitive function will be declined by aging, especially in older people with asymptomatic stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Stroke and Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest People: The SONIC Study

Srithum¹,

Kabayama²,

Gondo³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Increasing in the older people and a decline in mortality after stroke, the rate of poststroke cognitive decline has increased. The relationship between risk factors and post-stroke cognitive decline in dwelling old and oldest people who living in the community especially with asymptomatic stroke have to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between stroke and cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people. Methods This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in urban and rural areas of Japan. The participants were 1,333 community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, and long-term care (LTC) service used). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was used for cognitive assessment, and a decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up.Results Rates of cognitive decline increased in advanced ages, equaling 33.3, 39.4, and 66.7% in those aged 70, 80, and 90 years old, respectively. The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3year follow-up. ConclusionsThe cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline, but protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people. 4

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Stroke and Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest People: The SONIC Study

Srithum¹,

Kabayama²,

Gondo³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…18 More over as we have pointed before, patients with ischemic stroke seem to show significant intergroup differences with regard to the course of their post-stroke cognitive decline. 12 Such intergroup heterogeneity is probably multifactorial conditioned and complex but one of the most important of them is possibly the additional association of MIE. MIE is associated with lower cognitive performance in all examined cognitive domains at acute and subacute stroke stage (verbal and nonverbal memory, executive functions and general cognitive performance), besides the similar demographics of our examined groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Post-stroke cognitive impairment is defined as any type of cognitive impairment developed 3 months after stroke. [10][11][12] The major determinants of cognitive dysfunctions in subacute stroke stage are considered age, education, the severity, number and location of stroke, the severity of acute stroke cognitive impairment and coexistence of depression and other forms of vascular dementia. 7,10,13,14 The impact of stroke on cognitive functioning is variable -some patients can show obvious decline, others can remain stable, or revert to baseline cognitive functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,10,13,14 The impact of stroke on cognitive functioning is variable -some patients can show obvious decline, others can remain stable, or revert to baseline cognitive functioning. 12 Multi-infarct encephalopathy (MIE) is the second leading cause for dementia after Alzheimer's disease. 15 The historical term "multiinfarct dementia" was developed before the term of "vascular dementia" for all cognitive decline due to multiple lesions and infarcts in both white and gray matter that follow occlusions in cerebral arteries and arterioles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How multi-infarct encephalopathy reflects on cognitive functioning after first ever ischemic stroke?

Valkova¹

2018

IJRRT

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Introduction: Vascular dementia is heterogeneous entity with many important subtypes. The most frequent of them are post-stroke cognitive impairment and multi-infarct encephalopathy (MIE). The aim of our study was to examine the impact of MIE on poststroke cognitive impairment. Material and methods:We examined 109 post-stroke survivors (30 without and 79 with additional MIE) on two stage model -at the 3 rd and at the 90 th day after the incident with Mini Mental State Examination, tests for nonverbal and verbal memory and for executive function. Results:The performances on all tests were lower in MIE-group than those without MIE, although there were different models for cognitive improvement between the groups.Conclusion: Stroke and MIE as types of vascular cognitive impairment have their own specific relations, associated with cognitive abilities. MIE is associated with poor cognitive performance for all important cognitive domains -memory and executive functions after stroke. Such patients are more risky for severe cognitive deterioration and poor outcome and require specific cognitive rehabilitation. New studies are important for highlighting the relationships between stroke and other types of vascular dementia in order to seek new treatment strategies orientated towards such cases.Citation: Valkova M. How multi-infarct encephalopathy reflects on cognitive functioning after first ever ischemic stroke? Int J Radiol Radiat Ther.

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Association of social support with mild cognitive impairment and dementia among older women: the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study

Posis

Golaszewski

McEvoy

et al. 2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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BackgroundWomen comprise approximately two‐thirds of older adults with Alzheimer’s disease in the United States. Social support may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, few long‐term, large prospective studies have examined associations of various forms of social support with cognitive impairment. Therefore, we examined the association of perceived social support with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia among older women.MethodThis prospective cohort study included 6,670 older women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study (WHIMS), a sub‐cohort of the WHI hormone therapy (HT) trials, who were free of dementia upon enrollment. Perceived social support was assessed at baseline using nine items from the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. All item ratings were summed to generate a summary score (range = 9‐45), with higher scores indicating greater perceived social support. Incident MCI and dementia were ascertained using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and central adjudication by a panel of specialists with expertise in dementia diagnosis during up to 25 years of follow‐up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of perceived social support with incident MCI, dementia, and overall cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia). We also examined associations of four types of social support (emotional/informational, affection, tangible, and positive social interaction) with MCI/dementia.ResultOverall, (mean age at baseline = 70.0 [SD 3.8] years; 97.0% non‐Hispanic/Latina; 89.8% White) 753 women had incident MCI, 697 had incident dementia, and 1,197 had incident overall cognitive impairment. There were no significant associations of social support with MCI (HR = 0.99; 95%CI = 0.98‐1.00), dementia (HR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.98‐1.01), or overall cognitive impairment (HR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.98‐1.00) after adjusting for age, education, income, race, ethnicity, marital status, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, history of diabetes, hormone therapy trial assignment, history of hormone therapy use, history of hypertension, and depressive symptom severity. There were no significant associations between the four types of social support and MCI/dementia.ConclusionPerceived social support was not significantly associated with incident cognitive impairment among older women. Future studies should explore other social factors, such as social isolation and loneliness, particularly in larger and racially/ethnically diverse populations.

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Longitudinal Effect of Stroke on Cognition: A Systematic Review

Cited by 144 publications

References 43 publications

Association between Stroke and Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest People: The SONIC Study

Association between Stroke and Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest People: The SONIC Study

How multi-infarct encephalopathy reflects on cognitive functioning after first ever ischemic stroke?

Association of social support with mild cognitive impairment and dementia among older women: the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study

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