Longitudinal evidence on the development of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

Reme, Bjørn‐Atle; Wörn, Jonathan; Skirbekk, Vegard

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06616-7

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…From a gender perspective, a greater perception of stress by women has emerged. In most studies, the female gender was associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression [ 59 ], with a very strong correlation confirmed on a large scale [ 60 ]. Suicide attempts also increased significantly more among girls, from three to about five times that of boys (from 99.2 to 146.8/100.000 vs. 32.1–32.3/100.000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge

Fazio

Morena

Delogu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for an infectious pandemic, with repercussions on socio-economic aspects and on the physical and mental health of the general population. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the data belonging to the European framework, analyzing the population by age group. Original articles and reviews on the state of mental health of the general European population have been researched starting from 2021. Initially, a total of 1764 studies were found, among which a total of 75 were selected. Youth were the age group most affected by pandemic consequences on mental health, with emotional and behavioral alterations observed from a third to more than a half of children and adolescents examined. Among both adolescents and adults, the female gender had a higher prevalence of psychopathological symptoms. The main risk factors were poor social support, economic difficulties, and, in particular, unemployment or job changes. Additional individual risk factors were the perception of loneliness, the presence of pre-pandemic mental illness/distress, and some personality traits, such as neuroticism, impulsiveness, and the use of maladaptive coping strategies. Unexpectedly, the elderly maintained good resilience towards change, even if a stress factor was represented by the feeling of loneliness and poor social contact. As regards suicidal behaviors, among adolescents, there was an increase in attempts of 25%, with a greater risk for the female gender. This risk increased also among adults, in association with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and poor socio-environmental conditions. In conclusion, some population groups were found to be at greater risk of psychological burden during pandemic waves, thus representing priority targets for socio-health interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge

Fazio

Morena

Delogu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The proportion of non-Italian participants in the study was 15.3%. Several studies show that COVID-19 pandemic increased pre-existing social and health-related inequities, and this is also true in the field of mental health ( Gibson et al., 2021 ; Miconi et al., 2021 ; Reme et al., 2022 ; Sommer and DeLisi, 2022 ). There is also evidence that, in some contexts, LAI treatments are disproportionately used in patients of ethnical and cultural minorities: for instance, in the USA they are more used in Black patients than in White patients ( Brown et al., 2014 ; Lawson et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Long-acting Injectable Antipsychotics during the COVID-19 pandemic in schizophrenia: An observational study in a real-world clinical setting

Barlati

Nibbio²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Research

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“…Little, however, is known about whether and how this gradient has been exacerbated or mitigated during the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults. Recent studies show a consensus that the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened depression among adults [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. However, the evidence on the relationship between SEP and depression across different studies was inconclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evidence on the relationship between SEP and depression across different studies was inconclusive. Some studies found evidence of a negative association [ 29 ], whilst others suggested that there was no association [ 31 ] or even a positive relationship [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research in the US found that lower economic resources (income and savings) were associated with a higher risk of depression symptoms during COVID-19 but that education was not significantly associated with the depression symptoms once economic resources and exposure to stressors were controlled for [ 29 ]. A population-based longitudinal study in Norway reported no association between education or income with depression but substantial and equally high increases in depressive symptoms across socioeconomic status [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Did the Socio-Economic Gradient in Depression in Later-Life Deteriorate or Weaken during the COVID-19 Pandemic? New Evidence from England Using Path Analysis

Qin

Evandrou

Falkingham

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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It is well established that there is a socioeconomic gradient in adult mental health. However, little is known about whether and how this gradient has been exacerbated or mitigated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify the modifiable pathways involved in the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis included 5107 adults aged 50+ living in England and participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Wave nine (2018–19) and the COVID-19 study (June 2020). Mental health was measured using a shortened version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Path analysis with multiple mediator models was used to estimate the direct effect of SEP (measured by educational qualification and household wealth) on mental health (measured by depression), along with the indirect effects of SEP via three mediators: COVID-19 infection symptoms, service accessibility and social contact. The results show that the prevalence of depression for the same cohort increased from 12.6% pre-pandemic to 19.7% during the first wave of the pandemic. The risk of depression increased amongst older people who experienced COVID-19 infection, difficulties accessing services and less frequent social contact. The total effects of education and wealth on depression were negatively significant. Through mediators, wealth and education were indirectly associated with depression. Wealth also directly affected the outcome. The findings suggest that the socioeconomic gradient in depression among older people may have deteriorated during the initial phase of the pandemic and that this could in part be explained by increased financial hardship, difficulties in accessing services and reduced social contact.

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Longitudinal evidence on the development of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge

Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge

Long-acting Injectable Antipsychotics during the COVID-19 pandemic in schizophrenia: An observational study in a real-world clinical setting

Did the Socio-Economic Gradient in Depression in Later-Life Deteriorate or Weaken during the COVID-19 Pandemic? New Evidence from England Using Path Analysis

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