Longitudinal follow-up of height up to five years of age in infants born preterm small for gestational age; comparison to full-term small for gestational age infants

Itabashi, Kazuo; Mishina, Jun; Tada, Hiroshi; Sakurai, Motoichiro; Nanri, Yuko; Hirohata, Yuko

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.07.002

Cited by 93 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, it is unknown how BAP levels fluctuate in preterm SGA neonates. Itabashi et al (2007) assessed anthropometric measurements in 449 preterm SGA neonates and concluded that the overall length/ height catch-up rates were 68% at 1 year, 89% at 3 years, and 88% at 5 years. This suggests that bone metabolism in SGA neonates may differ from that in AGA neonates in the fetal period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Bone Formation Is Decreased from Middle Pregnancy to Birth

Nitta

Suzumura

Arisaka

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Fetal bone development is a complex process that is regulated and maintained by minerals, hormones, and growth factors delivered from the mother via the placenta. Various biochemical markers of fetal bone development have been identified. However, many aspects of this process remain unclear. The aim of the study was to measure the activities of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b (TRACP 5b) as a bone resorption marker and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) as a bone formation marker in preterm and term neonates, and to investigate fetal bone development in middle and late pregnancy. The study included 111 neonates (87 preterm and 24 term) born at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital. Neonates with illnesses and maternal diseases were excluded. Serum samples were collected within 3 hours after birth and stored at −80°C. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. The 111 neonates (median birth weight, 1,510 g) were born at a median of 31.3 weeks of gestation, and had TRACP 5b and BAP activities of 10.9 ± 4.0 U/L and 127.5 ± 49.2 U/L, respectively. TRACP 5b activity showed a tendency to be higher in term neonates, while BAP activity tended to be lower in term neonates. Importantly, TRACP 5b activity was positively correlated with gestational age and birth weight, and BAP activity was negatively correlated with gestational age, rate of born small-for-gestational-age neonates, and birth weight. These results suggest that bone formation during fetal growth is gradually decreased from middle pregnancy to birth, whereas bone resorption is gradually increased.Keywords: bone alkaline phosphatase; fetal bone development; preterm neonate; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b; term neonate Tohoku J.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Bone Formation Is Decreased from Middle Pregnancy to Birth

Nitta

Suzumura

Arisaka

et al. 2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…After initial postnatal growth failure, most preterm infants exhibit catch-up growth in weight, height, and head circumference, generally starting early in the neonatal period and with catch-up occurring by early infancy [6] [7]. However, some investigators have reported delayed catch-up growth to childhood [7] [8] or adolescence [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some investigators have reported delayed catch-up growth to childhood [7] [8] or adolescence [9]. In addition, Roberts et al [10] reported that height at age 2 was a good predictor of height at age 18 in extremely preterm children whose gestational age was less than 28 weeks, when mid parental heights were used as a reference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underweight and Obesity in Low Birth Weight Children in Early Infancy in Japan

Kato¹,

Kubota²,

Saito³

et al. 2015

FNS

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Introduction: Although there are several reports on the prevalence of underweight or obesity in low birth weight (LBW, <2.5 kg) children, there are few longitudinal studies from birth to early infancy. Methods: We enrolled 177 (93 boys) LBW and 2485 (1267 boys) normal birth weight (NBW, ≥2.5 and <4.0 kg) children. Height and weight data at birth and at 1.5, 3.5, and 5 years were obtained from mother-health child records. Underweight and obesity were defined as <5 th percentile and ≥90 th percentile of the body mass index (BMI), respectively, based on reference values for Japanese children. Results: LBW children had accelerated growth from birth to age 3.5 years, but at Age 5, both sexes had significantly lesser height and weight z-scores, with notably lesser BMI percentile scores for girls, compared with NBW children. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in the LBW children throughout the study period. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of obesity between the two groups, except for at birth. Multiple regression analysis revealed that small-for-gestational age was associated with underweight at Age 5 years. Conclusions: This study indicates that, up to Age 5, underweight is a more serious problem than obesity in LBW children. Our results suggest that careful observation of growth from early infancy is necessary to prevent the occurrence of underweight in early infancy.

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“…Approximately 80% of formerly preterm children exhibit growth recovery during the first 2 years of life (33,35,54,55,56,57), with height percentile appropriated for genetic potential between 6 and 12 months of life. After 2-3 years of age, height gain correlates with parent's height (55,58,59,60,61,62). At 3 years of age, approximately 80% reaches the normality for head circumference and 70% for weight.…”

Section: Childhood Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of short stature increased with maternal height ≤160 cm, GA <29 weeks, birth length <−2 SD and use of corticosteroids. The influence of being born SGA, maternal size and comorbidities on height of formerly preterm children at 5 years or older has been reported before (58,59,60,62). Trebar et al (59) evaluated 1320 children born with VLBW at 5-6 years of age, GA from 22 to 38 weeks, 730 born SGA and 590 born AGA.…”

Section: Infancy and Childhood Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Growth and growth hormone therapy in short children born preterm

Boguszewski

Cardoso-Demartini

2017

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Approximately 15 million babies are born preterm across the world every year, with less than 37 completed weeks of gestation. Survival rates increased during the last decades with the improvement of neonatal care. With premature birth, babies are deprived of the intense intrauterine growth phase, and postnatal growth failure might occur. Some children born prematurely will remain short at later ages and adult life. The risk of short stature increases if the child is also born small for gestational age. In this review, the effects of being born preterm on childhood growth and adult height and the hormonal abnormalities possibly associated with growth restriction are discussed, followed by a review of current information on growth hormone treatment for those who remain with short stature during infancy and childhood.

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Longitudinal follow-up of height up to five years of age in infants born preterm small for gestational age; comparison to full-term small for gestational age infants

Cited by 93 publications

References 24 publications

Fetal Bone Formation Is Decreased from Middle Pregnancy to Birth

Fetal Bone Formation Is Decreased from Middle Pregnancy to Birth

Underweight and Obesity in Low Birth Weight Children in Early Infancy in Japan

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Growth and growth hormone therapy in short children born preterm

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