Longitudinal humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in a population-based cohort in Zurich, Switzerland between March and June 2022 - evidence for protection against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection by neutralizing antibodies and spike-specific T-cell responses

Zens, Kyra D.; Llanas-Cornejo, Daniel; Menges, Dominik; Fehr, Jan; Münz, Christian; Puhan, Milo A.; Frei, Anja

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.04.407

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In our cohort, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responders was higher than that observed in other studies at the population level or in healthcare workers in cross-sectional [ 30 , 31 ] or cohort studies [ 13 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. However, several tests to measure immune response were used with diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants and the follow-up was variable, but reached a minimum of six months.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Primorac and co-authors [ 52 ] found less SARS-CoV-2 infection or reinfection with high levels of cellular immune responses after vaccination and/or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a cohort study, Zens and co-authors [ 13 ] found that IFN-gamma–producing S-reactive–T-cells presented a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or reinfection. In contrast, T cell response did not reduce breakthrough risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an open-label trial in Austria [ 53 ], in a Danish cohort study [ 35 ] nor in mRNA-vaccinated nursing home residents in Spain [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there are several tests to determine T cell response, including flow cytometry immunoassay for intracellular cytokine staining [ 24 ], activation induced marker assay [ 35 ], immunoadsorbent spot (FluroSpot) assay [ 58 ], enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay and cytokine secretion assay [ 59 , 60 ]. These tests are difficult to implement at the population level due to their labor-intensiveness and low performance [ 13 ]. Other tests, such as interferon-γ release assay (QuantiFERON ® SARS-CoV-2 Test) [ 61 ], are being used, although the sensitivity is low [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research on the cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has focused mainly on patients with severe outcomes, those hospitalized or suffering from long SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune-compromised individuals, with less emphasis on other populations [ 13 ]. Our investigation began with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak at the Falles Festival in March 2020, with 570 cases among 1332 attendees at Borriana, Valencia Community (Spain); since then, we have conducted several of follow-up studies [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case–Control Study

Domènech-Montoliu,

Puig-Barberà,

Pac-Sa

et al. 2024

Epidemiologia

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Our goal was to determine the cellular immune response (CIR) in a sample of the Borriana COVID-19 cohort (Spain) to identify associated factors and their relationship with infection, reinfection and sequelae. We conducted a nested case–control study using a randomly selected sample of 225 individuals aged 18 and older, including 36 individuals naïve to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and 189 infected patients. We employed flow-cytometry–based immunoassays for intracellular cytokine staining, using Wuhan and BA.2 antigens, and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Logistic regression models were applied. A total of 215 (95.6%) participants exhibited T-cell response (TCR) to at least one antigen. Positive responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were 89.8% and 85.3%, respectively. No difference in CIR was found between naïve and infected patients. Patients who experienced sequelae exhibited a higher CIR than those without. A positive correlation was observed between TCR and anti-spike IgG levels. Factors positively associated with the TCR included blood group A, number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses received, and anti-N IgM; factors inversely related were the time elapsed since the last vaccine dose or infection, and blood group B. These findings contribute valuable insights into the nuanced immune landscape shaped by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

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