Longitudinal impact of self-stigma content and process on parental warmth and hostility among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Chan, Kevin Ka Shing; Yip, Charles Chiu Hung; Leung, Donald Chi Kin

doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05529-8

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This result is consistent with the modified labeling theory (Link et al, 1989), which proposes that self-stigma can contribute to mental health problems due to the internalization of negative stereotypes and the anticipation of negative judgment or discrimination. The current findings contribute to an increasing body of literature that underscores the detrimental impact of self-stigma on mental health (Chan et al, 2023; Herek et al, 2013; Holubova et al, 2021; Pellet et al, 2019). Specifically, in the context of HBV, our study illuminates the potential psychological harm caused by self-stigma, a less explored topic in previous research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The power of loving yourself: The role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-stigma and psychological distress in people with hepatitis B.

Wang,

Li,

Zhou

2024

Stigma and Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The power of loving yourself: The role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-stigma and psychological distress in people with hepatitis B.

Wang,

Li,

Zhou

2024

Stigma and Health

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“…Consistent with previous reports (Chan & Lam, 2016), discrimination experiences were positively linked to harsh parenting among parents of autistic children. One plausible explanation of this finding is that parents who experience discrimination might develop a negative attitude toward their parental roles and experience a greater sense of caregiving burden, which could increase tension and hostility in the parenting process (Chan et al, in press; Chan & Lam, 2017, 2018; Mikami et al, 2015). It is noteworthy that harsh parenting was associated with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal impact of parents’ discrimination experiences on children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms: A 2-year study of families of autistic children

Chan

Leung

Fung

2022

Autism

Self Cite

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The present study examined the longitudinal associations of parents’ discrimination experiences with children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms among families of autistic children and tested whether these associations would be mediated by parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict. On three occasions across 2 years (i.e. T1, T2, and T3), 441 parents of autistic children from Hong Kong, China, provided questionnaire data. Path analyses showed that parents’ discrimination experiences at T1 had significant direct effects on parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict at T2, which, in turn, had significant direct effects on children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms at T3. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that parents’ discrimination experiences at T1 had significant indirect effects on children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms at T3 via parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict at T2. Theoretically, our findings elucidate how parents’ discrimination experiences may longitudinally heighten children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms by adversely affecting parental well-being and parent–child and inter-parental relationships. Practically, our findings highlight the importance of designing and implementing community-based stigma reduction programs and family-based stigma coping interventions to reduce parents’ discrimination experiences and associated adverse outcomes on well-being, parenting, marriage, and child development. Lay abstract Although many parents of autistic children are routinely discriminated against, the potential impact of this discrimination on their parenting processes and child-rearing outcomes has seldom been investigated. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by examining the longitudinal associations of parents’ discrimination experiences with children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms among families of autistic children and testing whether these associations would be mediated by parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict. On three occasions across 2 years (i.e. T1, T2, and T3), 441 parents of autistic children from Hong Kong, China, provided questionnaire data. Path analyses showed that parents’ discrimination experiences at T1 had significant direct effects on parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict at T2, which, in turn, had significant direct effects on children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms at T3. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that parents’ discrimination experiences at T1 had significant indirect effects on children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms at T3 via parental depression, harsh parenting, and coparenting conflict at T2. Our findings have important theoretical contributions and significant practical implications. Theoretically, our findings elucidate how parents’ discrimination experiences may longitudinally heighten children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms by adversely affecting parental well-being and parent–child and inter-parental relationships. Practically, our findings highlight the importance of designing and implementing community-based stigma reduction programs and family-based stigma coping interventions to reduce parents’ discrimination experiences and associated adverse outcomes on well-being, parenting, marriage, and child development.

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“…Parental self‐stigma is a self‐perceived related social emotion, accompanied by shame (Moses, 2014), lowered self‐esteem (Kaushik et al, 2017), “loss of face” (Chiu et al, 2015), and anxiety (Chiu et al, 2013). Studies have shown that parental self‐stigma is generally considered harmful to parents as it often leads to negative emotions such as self‐blame and doubt (Chan et al, 2023). Parents blamed themselves for not fulfilling their parental responsibilities and failing to be “good parents” (Moses, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I am not a good enough parent”: The experience of self‐stigma in parents of children with mental illness in China

Zhang,

Wu,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Child Adoles Psych Nursing

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ProblemSelf‐stigma in parents of children with mental illness is an area easily overlooked by mental health providers. Many studies have shown that self‐stigma in parents may result in social interaction avoidance, lower self‐esteem, increased psychological pressure, and so on. However, a comprehensive picture of how parents of children with mental illness in China experience self‐stigma is lacking.MethodsIndividual semistructured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 20 parents from China during their child's psychiatric hospitalization. We followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.FindingsFour main themes were identified that captured the experience of self‐stigma in parents of children with mental illness: (1) losing face and fear, (2) internalizing affiliate stigma, (3) feeling of self‐blame and self‐doubt, and (4) keeping oneself away from society.ConclusionsThese findings explain how Chinese parents of children with mental illness experience self‐stigma. To better effect the treatment and rehabilitation of children with mental illness, it is necessary to recognize this self‐stigma in parents and take action to improve their mental health.

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Longitudinal impact of self-stigma content and process on parental warmth and hostility among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

The power of loving yourself: The role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-stigma and psychological distress in people with hepatitis B.

The power of loving yourself: The role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-stigma and psychological distress in people with hepatitis B.

Longitudinal impact of parents’ discrimination experiences on children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms: A 2-year study of families of autistic children

“I am not a good enough parent”: The experience of self‐stigma in parents of children with mental illness in China

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