Longitudinal invariance of adult psychometric ability factor structures across 7 years.

Abstract

The hypothesis that psychometric ability tests retain equivalent factor structures across a 7-year interval was examined in a sample of 984 persons (disaggregated into 6 cohort groups: M ages at first test = 32, 46, 53, 60, 67, and 76), assessed in 1984 and 1991 as part of the Seattle Longitudinal Study. A best fitting measurement model was estimated for 20 psychometric tests marking the 6 primary abilities of Inductive Reasoning, Spatial Orientation, Perceptual Speed, Numeric Facility, Verbal Ability, and Verbal Recall. Gender was partialed out at the variable level by including a gender factor. Weak factorial invariance over time was demonstrated for all cohorts. Configural invariance could be demonstrated across all cohort groups. However, weak factorial invariance across groups could be accepted for all but the youngest and oldest groups. Latent means were modeled for the accepted solutions across time and cohort groups.

Fluency affects source memory for familiar names in younger and older adults: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

“…For the sake of completeness Table 1). These results are in line with both two-component theories of life span intelligence (Baltes, 1987;Horn, 1968) and empirical evidence (Li et al, 2004;Schaie, Maitland, Willis, & Intrieri, 1998) contrasting fluid mechanics and crystallized pragmatics of cognition. This confirms the age typicality of the samples.…”

Human aging compromises attentional control of auditory perception.

“…Before the dichotic listening experiment, cognitive covariates including a marker of perceptual speed (digit symbol substitution test; Wechsler, 1981) and a marker of verbal knowledge (Spot-A-Word; Lehrl, 1977) were assessed. In line with two-component theories of life span intelligence (Baltes, 1987;Cattell, 1971;Horn, 1968) and empirical evidence Schaie, Maitland, Willis, & Intrieri, 1998) contrasting the fluid mechanics and crystallized pragmatics of cognition, our results showed a significant agerelated decline in perceptual speed (for younger adults, 69.5 Ϯ 13.4; for older adults, 46.4 Ϯ 10.1; t[47] ϭ 6.82, p Ͻ .001, d ϭ 1.94) and significant higher scores in verbal knowledge for older adults (for younger adults, 18.0 Ϯ 5.9; for older adults, 22.1 Ϯ 4.8; t[47] ϭ Ϫ2.68, p Ͻ .01, d ϭ 0.76) confirming the age typicality of our samples. Mean educational levels were 13.38 Ϯ 2.41 years for younger adults and 12.56 Ϯ 4.35 years for older adults.…”

Adult age trends in the relations among cognitive abilities.

“…These correlations, however, were compared across cross-sectional age groups. Schaie, Maitland, Willis, and Intrieri (1998);and Zelinski and Lewis (2003; see for a review of key studies). However, in a series of longitudinal studies, Ghisletta and colleagues (Ghisletta & de Ribaupierre, 2005;Ghisletta & Lindenberger, 2003, 2004 have found support for their hypothesis that declining process aspects of cognition constrain the culture-based aspects of cognition with advancing adult age through demonstrating that levels of process abilities predict changes in culture-based abilities, more so than the converse.…”