Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of spinal cord injury in mouse: changes in signal patterns associated with the inflammatory response

Bilgen, Mehmet; Al-Hafez, Baraa; Alrefae, Tareq; He, Yong-Yu; Smirnova, Irina V.; Aldur, M. Mustafa; Festoff, Barry W.

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2006.10.009

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such techniques have been developed in other organs, the brain, and in tumors and include non-invasive in vivo blood flow measurements using ultrasound, laser Doppler, laser speckle imaging, near infrared spectroscopy, micro-CT, PET scanning with EC-selective ligands, MRI), real-time multi-photon microscopy, optical frequency domain imaging, and luminosity measurements with fluorescent probes [19,51,93,97,155,156,167,182]. Few groups have access to such equipment and fewer have applied this to spinal cord injury [13,23,24,30,33,39,67,73,126,146,151]. Future combination of newly recognized EC-selective molecular targets will enable the development of even more ligands and methods to non-invasively assess the injured spinal cord.…”

Section: Ec Biomarkers Of Microvascular Survival and Function Followimentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI

Benton

Hagg

2011

Transl. Stroke Res.

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Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a progressive secondary degeneration which exacerbates the loss of penumbral tissue and neurological function. Here, we first provide an overview of the known pathophysiological mechanisms involving injured microvasculature and molecular regulators that contribute to the loss and dysfunction of existing and new blood vessels. We also highlight the differences between traumatic and ischemic injuries which may yield clues as to the more devastating nature of traumatic injuries, possibly involving toxicity associated with hemorrhage. We also discuss known species differences with implications for choosing models, their relevance and utility to translate new treatments towards the clinic. Throughout this review, we highlight the potential opportunities and proof-of-concept experimental studies for targeting therapies to endothelial cell-specific responses. Lastly, we comment on the need for vascular mechanisms to be included in drug development and non-invasive diagnostics such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and imaging of spinal cord pathology.

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Section: Ec Biomarkers Of Microvascular Survival and Function Followimentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI

Benton

Hagg

2011

Transl. Stroke Res.

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“…In vivo QSI suffers from limitations of the signal to noise ratio (SNR), due to motion artifacts and scan time constraints, and maximum field gradient amplitude, leading to low displacement profile resolution that prevents satisfying the SGPA. Furthermore, in vivo spinal cord QSI of injury may be complicated by scar tissue deposition (Bilgen et al, 2007). While such drawbacks may limit the potential of QSI in vivo, QSI has nevertheless been applied successfully to image in vivo human brain and spinal cord (Assaf et al, 2002b;Farrell et al, 2007;Nilsson et al, 2007;Nordh et al, 2007).…”

Section: Limitations and Further Applications Of Qsimentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect measurement of regional axon diameter in excised mouse spinal cord with q-space imaging: Simulation and experimental studies

et al. 2008

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Q-space imaging (QSI), a diffusion MRI technique, can provide quantitative tissue architecture information at cellular dimensions not amenable by conventional diffusion MRI. By exploiting regularities in molecular diffusion barriers, QSI can estimate the average barrier spacing such as the mean axon diameter in white matter (WM). In this work, we performed ex vivo QSI on cervical spinal cord sections from healthy C57BL/6 mice at 400MHz using a custom-designed uniaxial 50T/m gradient probe delivering a 0.6 µm displacement resolution capable of measuring axon diameters on the scale of 1 µm. After generating QSI-derived axon diameter maps, diameters were calculated using histology from seven WM tracts (dorsal corticospinal, gracilis, cuneatus, rubrospinal, spinothalamic, reticulospinal, and vestibulospinal tracts) each with different axon diameters. We found QSI-derived diameters from regions drawn in the seven WM tracts (1.1 to 2.1 µm) to be highly correlated (r 2 = 0.95) with those calculated from histology (0.8 to 1.8 µm). The QSI-derived values overestimated those obtained by histology by approximately 20%, which is likely due to the presence of extracellular signal. Finally, simulations on images of synthetic circular axons and axons from histology suggest that QSI-derived diameters are informative despite diameter and axon shape variation and the presence of intra-cellular and extra-cellular signal. QSI may be able to quantify nondestructively changes in WM axon architecture due to pathology or injury at the cellular level.

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“…However, they can be used on human post-mortem material, including PD imaging. 12 In the long run, the transfer of this kind of sequence to in vivo high-resolution rat 13,14 or even mouse 15 spinal cord MRI may be feasible if faster image acquisition proves to be of sufficient quality. With in vivo MRI, the present assessment at a single time point after the recovery period (which is a significant limitation to any post-mortem investigation) could be overcome and replaced by a continuous assessment of the lesion and correlation with behavioural parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-mortem assessment of rat spinal cord injury and white matter sparing using inversion recovery-supported proton density magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2010

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Study design:This was an experimental study. Objectives: White matter sparing influences locomotor recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The objective of the present post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigation was to assess the potential of a simple inversion recovery (IR) sequence in combination with high-resolution proton density (PD) images to selectively depict spared white matter after experimental SCI in the rat. Setting: This study was conducted at University of Liège and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Liège, Belgium and Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. Methods: Post-mortem 9.4 tesla (T) MRI was obtained from five excised rat spines 2 months after compressive SCI. The locomotor recovery had been followed weekly using the standardized Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale. IR MRI was used to depict normal white matter as very hypo-intense. Preserved white matter, cord atrophy and lesion volume were assessed, and histology was used to confirm MRI data. Results: MRI showed lesion severity and white matter sparing in accordance with the degree of locomotor recovery. IR MRI enhanced detection of spared and injured white matter by selectively altering the signal of spared white matter. Even subtle white matter changes could be detected, increasing diagnostic accuracy as compared to PD alone. MRI accuracy was confirmed by histology. Conclusion: High-resolution IR-supported PD MRI provides useful micro-anatomical information about white matter damage and sparing in the post-mortem assessment of chronic rat SCI.

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Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of spinal cord injury in mouse: changes in signal patterns associated with the inflammatory response

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI

Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI

Indirect measurement of regional axon diameter in excised mouse spinal cord with q-space imaging: Simulation and experimental studies

Post-mortem assessment of rat spinal cord injury and white matter sparing using inversion recovery-supported proton density magnetic resonance imaging

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