Longitudinal Power Monitoring over a deployed 10,000-km Link for Submarine Systems

Abstract

We demonstrate the power profile estimation over a deployed 10,000-km submarine link using digital processing at the receiver. We experimentally show that we estimate span lengths with 0.49km uncertainty and locate multiple power losses.

Photonics tomography for enhancing monitoring capability of optical networks

“…The comparison between these two algorithms and generalization have also been discussed in [10,11]. Additionally, the PPE has been tested in various multi-span transmission scenarios, such as multi-span link with amplifier gain tilt [12], 10,000-km submarine link [13], and a system with commercial transceivers [14]. Using this technique, we can monitor the optical power change along an end-to-end optical transmission link by analyzing the nonlinear effect in the optical fiber based on the received waveform only.…”

PDL Localization and Estimation Through Linear Least Squares-Based Longitudinal Power Monitoring

“…However, the accurate monitoring of an entire link may require several OTDRs, which can become prohibitively expensive for large optical networks. Recently proposed alternatives are based on Longitudinal Power Monitoring (LPM) algorithms [1]- [5], which exploit the digital data available inside the standard coherent receivers, eliminating the need for external hardware (e.g., OTDRs). This approach offers a cost-effective solution for monitoring the optical link.…”

Cost and power-consumption analysis for power profile monitoring in optical networks

“…To achieve marginless operation in optical networks, massive monitoring is essential to collect comprehensive data on impairments in optical transmission and components. As deploying large amount of monitoring equipment results in elevated cost and power consumption, novel low-cost monitoring methods are being investigated [1]- [3] . A new technique, called power profile monitoring (PPM) is gaining increasing attention [1], [4], [5] .…”

“…As deploying large amount of monitoring equipment results in elevated cost and power consumption, novel low-cost monitoring methods are being investigated [1]- [3] . A new technique, called power profile monitoring (PPM) is gaining increasing attention [1], [4], [5] . PPM monitors the entire lightpath (LP) by using only an additional post-processing monitoring component in the receiver, hence it does not require monitoring each amplifier along the optical line as in traditional monitoring with optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) [6] .…”

“…PPM monitors the entire lightpath (LP) by using only an additional post-processing monitoring component in the receiver, hence it does not require monitoring each amplifier along the optical line as in traditional monitoring with optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) [6] . Following the experimental demonstration of PPM capabilities [1], [2], [7] , it becomes now important to quantify and compare the cost of PPM and OTDR on a network scale. This study aims to comprehensively quantify the cost and power consumption of PPM vs. OTDR for network monitoring.…”