Longitudinal Relation between Endogenous Testosterone and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Middle-aged Men: A 13-Year Follow-up of Former Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Participants

Zmuda, Joseph M.; Cauley, Jane A.; Kriska, Andrea M.; Glynn, Nancy W.; Gutai, James P.; Kuller, Lewis H.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009326

Cited by 330 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It has been hypothesized that parental hormone concentrations around the time of conception might determine the sex of the child to some extent, low concentrations of testosterone and estrogen being associated with the birth of girls [24]. Some studies have suggested that smoking reduces estrogen levels in women and testosterone levels in men [25,26]. On the basis of these arguments, we would have expected to find a lower male:female ratio among the patients' children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Can reproductive pattern explain better survival of women with lung cancer?

Skuladottir

Olsen

2006

Acta Oncologica

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Can reproductive pattern explain better survival of women with lung cancer?

Skuladottir

Olsen

2006

Acta Oncologica

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“…The significance of our findings has to be judged in the light of the conflicting knowledge concerning testosterone and cardiovascular risk factors suggesting several roles of androgens of both direct and indirect nature. Low testosterone concentrations could have an adverse effect on body composition [7,8,9,10,51] and haemostatic parameters, such as plasminogen-activator-inhibitor type 1 [52,53]. In men, low concentrations of endogenous testosterone were found to be associated with reduced concentrations of HDL cholesterol while exogenous androgens, including testosterone, decrease HDL cholesterol [8,11,25,54,55,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men

Zitzmann¹,

Gromoll²,

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. The relationship of androgens to the metabolic syndrome has not been resolved. The polymorphic number of CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene is inversely associated with the transcriptional activity of target genes.This polymorphism might thus influence testosterone effects on body fat content and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin. The direct and indirect role of androgens within the metabolic syndrome should become clearer if this genetically determined effector is taken into account. Methods. The hypothesis was investigated in a crosssectional study involving 106 healthy 20-50 year old males. Results. Multiple regression models showed a positive independent correlation of the CAG repeat number with body fat content, leptin and insulin (partial r=0.39, 0.36 and 0.28, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). Factor analysis yielded a five-dimensional model: two dimensions were influenced by the androgen receptor polymorphism, namely "body composition" which consisted of leptin, body fat mass, insulin, the number of CAG repeats (positive loadings) and physical activity (negative loading), and "lipid profile" which comprised low density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, triglycerides (positive loadings) as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol and number of CAG repeats (negative loadings). Conclusions/interpretation. A low number of CAG repeats were independently associated with protective parameters (low body fat mass and plasma insulin) as well as with adverse parameters (low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations). This suggests that the pivotal role of this polymorphism in modulating androgen effects on cardiovascular risk factors is of a complex nature and implies that its clinical impact, similar to that of androgens, is dependent on exogenous cofactors. [Diabetologia (2003) 46:31-39] Keywords Testosterone, body fat, leptin, insulin, androgen receptor, CAG repeat polymorphism. Corresponding author: E. Nieschlag, Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Domagkstr. 11, 48129 Münster, Germany, E-mail: nieschl@uni-muenster.de Abbreviations: Ar, Adrogen Receptor; BFM, body fat mass; CAG, cytosin-adenin-guanin; CAGr, CAG repeats; FFM, fat free mass; HDL, high density lipoprotein; SHBG, sex hormone binding globuline; TBW, total body water; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio. Diabetologia (2003) 46:31-39 DOI 10.1007 The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men The term "metabolic syndrome" describes a pre-diabetic and pro-atherogenic state which is characterized by overweight, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, arterial hypertension, low concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridaemia and disturbed haemostasis [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Several cross-sectional population studies found correlations between serum concentrations of testosterone and these cardiovascular risk factors, which, however, were opposi...

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“…As early as 50-60 years ago it was realized that aging is accompanied by significant reduction in testosterone levels [97,98]. Although some follow-up studies failed to detect age-related decline in plasma testosterone levels in older men [99][100][101][102][103][104], subsequent population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have confirmed progressive loss of testosterone with aging in healthy men [96,[105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122]. Mirroring this decline in plasma testosterone concentration is an age associated increase in sex-hormonebinding globulin (SHBG) level [117], a major plasma carrier of testosterone, resulting in even more dramatic decreases in unbound free testosterone [110,[123][124][125], and weakly bound bioavailable testosterone [126,127].…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Aging on Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Secretion

Zaidi¹

2013

TOLSJ

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Steroid hormones are lipophilic, low-molecular weight organic compounds all of which are derived from cholesterol. They are primarily synthesized by steroidogenic glands such as gonads (ovary and testis), the adrenal gland and, during pregnancy, by the placental trophoblasts. Limited steroid synthesis also takes place in the brain. Steroid hormones are crucial for the proper functioning of the body. They mediate a wide variety of vital physiological functions, ranging from maintaining normal reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics, to regulating virtually every metabolic process in the body. Like many age-related endocrine disorders, aging also progressively impacts the tissue-specific synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones. The goal of this review is to summarize the effects of aging on steroid hormone synthesis and secretion by the adrenal gland and gonads of both human and experimental animal models, to describe the potential involvement of excessive oxidative stress in mediating age-related alterations in steroidogenesis, and to discuss the possible underlying mechanisms involved.

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Longitudinal Relation between Endogenous Testosterone and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Middle-aged Men: A 13-Year Follow-up of Former Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Participants

Cited by 330 publications

References 58 publications

Can reproductive pattern explain better survival of women with lung cancer?

Can reproductive pattern explain better survival of women with lung cancer?

The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men

Impact of Aging on Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Secretion

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