Longitudinal Studies of Infectious Diseases and Physical Growth of Children in Rural Bangladesh

Abstract

Longitudinal studies were done in two villages rural Bangladesh to learn more about the interactions between infectious diseases and the nutritional status of children. Diarrheal diseases, identified by surveillance of 197 children aged 2-60 months, were studied for bacterial, viral and parasitic enteropathogens in 1978-1979. The annual incidence of diarrhea was highest in children aged 2-11 months, and declined progressively with age from seven to four episodes per child per year. An enteropathogen was identified from rectal cultures taken during diarrhea in 51% of episodes and from 6% of monthly cultures taken when diarrhea was not present. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were the pathogens found most frequently, followed by shigellae and rotaviruses. Diarrheal episodes associated with shigellae had the longest duration, while episodes associated with Vibrio cholerae or with rotavirus were more frequently associated with dehydration. E. coli diarrhea had a peak incidence during the hot months, and shigellosis was more frequent during the cool, dry months.

Low Endemicity and Low Pathogenicity of Rotaviruses Among Rural Children in Costa Rica

“…One newborn child in comparison series no. 1 who was born at 10,11 Tested at two years of age. § Forty-six different children were tested; serum was not collected from five children, including three who were '\.ithdrav,n from the study.…”

“…Interestingly, only five of 39 infections resulted in diarrhea, a pathogenicity of 12.8%. Data from longitudinal studies in Cauque, Guatemala [4]; Matlab, Bangladesh [10]; Winnipeg, Canada [11]; and Fortaleza, Brazil [12] can be compared with the results of the present study. In Cauque, Matlab, and Fortaleza, all less-developed and poor communities, diarrhea rates were similar, ranging between 6.1 and 7.9 episodes per child-year.…”

“…Regardless of immune factors, breast-feeding probably contributed to a reduced exposure because contaminated foodstuffs were not ingested. In Matlab and Cauque, the highest incidence rates of rotavirus-associated diarrhea coincided with the peak periods of weaning [4,10].…”

Frequency and Characteristics of Common Infectious Disease Among Children under 5 Years Old Presenting at Giza Family Health Center during 2013

“…In consistent with the current results, the overall prevalence of infectious diseases was high and noted about 75% and this extensive morbidity from infectious diseases may have had adverse effects on the growth and development of the children. (10) Also, in Pakistan there was a high frequency of infectious diseases that consisted about 95% in children less than 5 years . (11) and this high prevalence could be due to Pakistan low economic and environmental factors.…”

Gastroenterites e infecções respiratórias agudas em crianças menores de 5 anos, em área da região Sudeste do Brasil, 1986-1987: II - Diarréias

“…Black e col. 7 , em Bangladesh, encontrou uma duração média de 4 a 5 dias para o conjunto de episódios, elevando-se para 7 dias as diarréias por shiguela e 9,5 dias para as diarréias por rotavírus em menores de 1 ano. Outro fator relacionado à duração dos episódios é o nível sócioeconô-mico.…”