Longitudinal study of cytokine and immune transcription factor mRNA expression in septic shock

Monitoring Immune Dysfunctions in the Septic Patient: A New Skin for the Old Ceremony

“…Consequently, this initial value of IL-10 may reflect the severity of the forthcoming immunoparalysis. Similar results have been observed with IL-10 mRNA measurements in comparable cohorts of patients (49,55,56). Very recently, Leonidou et al (57) confirmed these results.…”

“…Moreover, HMGB1 may interact with other aspects of sepsis pathophysiology, including apoptosis, dysfunctional dendritic cells (DCs), maturation, or chemotaxis (48). It has also been shown that its persistent increase during sepsis is associated with unfavorable outcome (47,49). It would therefore be interesting to assess its concentration in a large cohort of septic patients.…”

Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with a gene transcription profile characteristic of immunosuppression: a prospective cohort study

“…In contrast, the packed red cells transfused in the study reported here were universally leukodepleted. Furthermore, the use of qRT-PCR in this study to assay gene expression allows for a validated ultrasensitive technique to assess immune pathways in the in vivo state [8][9][10][11]. The results we present suggest that the immunosuppression observed following perioperative transfusion may not be solely dependent on the presence of allogeneic leukocytes in the transfused blood.…”

“…The genes selected as candidates in this study are well described as surrogate measures of the specific immune pathways outlined in Table 1 [10,11,16]. Furthermore, the construction of a ratio of gene expression that incorporates the prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, TNFα, and the archetypal anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, permits the concurrent assessment of both major facets of the immune response and has previously been utilised to predict postoperative outcome [17].…”

“…Furthermore, careful selection of key regulatory and effector cytokines in conjunction with transcription factors specific to T cell subtypes allow inferences to be made as to the activity of specific inflammatory pathways related to T-helper (T h ) cell development [11]. For example, an analysis that combines gene expression data relating to the key T h 1-promoting cytokine, interleukin (IL)-12, the main T h 1 effector cytokine, interferon gamma (IFNγ) and the T h 1-specific transcription factor T-bet may be descriptive of the general activity of the T h 1 pathway.…”