Longitudinal tests of competing factor structures for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Traits, ephemeral artifacts, and stable response styles.

Marsh, Herbert W.; Scalas, Laura Francesca; Nagengast, Benjamin

doi:10.1037/a0019225

Cited by 304 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…We accounted for the Likert-type response scale of the RSE by using item factor analysis with categorical indicators (Wirth & Edwards, 2007). The model was similar to the parcel-level measurement model described above, except that the item-level model required including wave-specific method factors that accounted for bias due to positive and negative wording of the items (Marsh, Scalas, & Nagengast, 2010). Both the positive and negative wording factors were correlated across waves, but positive wording factors were uncorrelated with negative wording factors, and all wording factors were uncorrelated with the self-esteem factors.…”

Section: Measurement Invariance Of Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany.

Orth

Maes

Schmitt

2015

Developmental Psychology

118

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We examined the development of self-esteem across the lifespan. Data came from a German longitudinal study with three assessments across 4 years of a sample of 2,509 individuals aged 14 to 89 years. The self-esteem measure used showed strong measurement invariance across assessments and birth cohorts. Latent growth curve analyses indicated that self-esteem follows a quadratic trajectory across the lifespan, increasing during adolescence, young adulthood, and middle adulthood, reaching a peak at age 60 years, and then declining in old age. No cohort effects on average levels of self-esteem or on the shape of the trajectory were found. Moreover, the trajectory did not differ across gender, level of education, or for individuals who had lived continuously in West vs. East Germany (i.e., the two separate countries from 1949 to 1990).However, the results suggested that employment status, household income, and satisfaction in the domains of work, relationships, and health contribute to a more positive lifespan trajectory of self-esteem. The findings have significant implications because they call attention to developmental stages in which individuals may be vulnerable due to low self-esteem (such as adolescence and old age) and to factors that predict successful versus problematic developmental trajectories.Keywords: self-esteem, lifespan development, measurement invariance, longitudinal SELF-ESTEEM DEVELOPMENT 3 Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan: A Longitudinal Study with a Large Sample from GermanyHow the self-esteem of individuals develops as they go through life is of considerable societal significance because mounting evidence suggests that self-esteem is predictive of a person's success and well-being in important life domains such as relationships, work, and health. For example, longitudinal research indicates that self-esteem predicts satisfaction in marriage and close relationships (Orth, Robins, & Widaman, 2012), social support (Marshall, Parker, Ciarrochi, & Heaven, 2014), success and well-being in working life (Kuster, Orth, & Meier, 2013;Orth et al., 2012), mental health (Sowislo & Orth, 2013;Trzesniewski et al., 2006), and physical health (Orth et al., 2012;Trzesniewski et al., 2006). In recent years, a growing number of studies have provided important insights into the nature and consequences of selfesteem development (for a review, see Orth & Robins, 2014). However, few longitudinal studies have examined self-esteem from a lifespan perspective, due to the lack of studies that included samples with sufficiently broad age ranges. As yet, two longitudinal data sets have been used to track the self-esteem trajectory across the lifespan (Orth et al., 2012;Orth, Trzesniewski, & Robins, 2010). However, although these studies yielded converging evidence on the lifespan trajectory, their samples came from a single country (specifically, the United States). Given that cultures shape the prototypical self-concept and tendency toward self-enhancement among their members (Heine, Lehman, Markus, & ...

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Section: Measurement Invariance Of Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany.

Orth

Maes

Schmitt

2015

Developmental Psychology

118

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“…A large body of empirical evidence supports the internal consistency of the instrument (Byrne, 1983), its predictive validity (Kaplan, 1980), and its equivalence over time (Marsh, Scalas, &Nagengast, 2010;Motl & DiStefano, 2002). The popularity of the 10-item RGSE has been due in part to its long history of use, its uncomplicated language, and its brevity (it takes only 1 or 2 minutes to be completed).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the factor structure of the Rosenberg (1965) General Self-Esteem Scale.

Alessandri¹,

Vecchione²,

Eisenberg³

et al. 2015

Psychological Assessment

109

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Since its introduction, the Rosenberg General Self-esteem scale (RGSE, Rosenberg, 1965) has been one of the most widely used measures of global self-esteem. We conducted four studies to investigate (a) the goodness of fit of a bifactor model positing a general self-esteem factor (GSE) and two specific factors grouping positive (MFP) and negative items (MFN), and (b) different kinds of validity of the GSE, MFN and MFP factors of the RSGE. In the first study (n= 11,028), the fit of the bifactor model was compared with those of nine alternative models proposed in literature for the RGSE. In Study 2 (n = 357), the external validities of GSE, MFP and MFN were evaluated using objective grade point average data and multi-method measures of prosociality, aggression, and depression. In Study 3 (n = 565), the across-rater robustness of the bifactor model was evaluated. In Study 4, measurement invariance of the RGSE was further supported across samples in three European countries, Serbia (n= 1,010), Poland (n= 699), and Italy (n= 707), and in the United States (n = 1,192). All in all, psychometric findings corroborate the value and the robustness of the bifactor structure and its substantive interpretation. Keywords. Bifactor model; self-esteem; Rosenberg self-esteem scale; method effects; method factors. 3Self-esteem reflects an overall subjective evaluation of personal worth (Marsh & O'Mara, 2008;Rosenberg, 1965). A considerable amount of research has investigated the nature of this construct (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, &Vohs, 2003), which represents one of the most popular individual differences constructs in psychology (see Donnellan, Trzesniewski, & Robins, 2011, for a review). Self-esteem, similar to any other psychological construct, is a latent variable that is not directly observable. Yet individuals' standing on the latent attribute can be inferred through their answers to statements intended to describe internal positive and negative states, such as feelings and emotions about the self (Borsboom, Mellenbergh& van Heerden, 2003).Since its introduction, the Rosenberg General Self-esteem scale (RGSE;Rosenberg, 1965) has been one of the most popular and widely used measures of global self-esteem (Blascovich &Tomaka, 1991;Donnellan et al., 2011;Schmitt &Allik, 2005).According to PsycInfo, the instrument has been cited 3,016 times during the last five years (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014).The scale assesses the "feeling that one is good enough" (Rosenberg, 1965, p. 31), and consists of 10 items with a high degree of face validity. A large body of empirical evidence supports the internal consistency of the instrument (Byrne, 1983), its predictive validity (Kaplan, 1980), and its equivalence over time (Marsh, Scalas, &Nagengast, 2010;Motl & DiStefano, 2002). The popularity of the 10-item RGSE has been due in part to its long history of use, its uncomplicated language, and its brevity (it takes only 1 or 2 minutes to be completed).In addition to its privileged place in the literature, the RGSE offers other...

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“…CTUM was chosen over other MTMM CFA models (e.g., correlated trait-correlated method; CTCM) because it does not overestimate the method variance, thereby providing a more conservative estimation of the method effect (Marsh, 1989; see also Marsh & Bailey, 1991). Recent evidence by Marsh et al (2010) supported the estimation accuracy of CTUM models. Following recommendations in the literature, we parceled personality items (e.g., Marsh et al, 1998;Nasser & Wisenbaker, 2003;Yuan et al, 1997).…”

Section: Multitrait-multimethods Confirmatory Factor Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single arrows represent factor loadings and double arrows represent covariance among latent factors. (e.g., Billiet & McClendon, 2000;Marsh et al, 2010;Motl & DiStefano, 2002;Quilty et al, 2006), and rarely attempted to model both biases simultaneously. An important advantage of using MTMM SEM techniques is that it allows us to model bias within the same framework and examine whether one type of bias can be fully explained by another bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Weijters et al's (2010) research, the current investigation will assume the magnitude of acquiescence bias to be identical among different items within the same survey. Finally, researchers have discovered that acquiescence bias from the same survey correlated at around 0.6 over a span of four years (Bachman & O'Malley, 1984;Billiet & Davidov, 2008) and over four 1-year periods (Marsh et al, 2010;Motl & DiStefano, 2002).…”

Section: Stability Nature Of the Two Response Stylesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heritability of Acquiescence Bias and Item Keying Response Style Associated With the HEXACO Personality Scale

Kam¹,

Schermer

Harris

et al. 2013

Twin Res Hum Genet

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The current research investigates the heritability of two of the most common response styles: acquiescence bias (tendency to agree or disagree with survey items regardless of the items' actual content) and item keying (differential responding related to the use of regular-and reverse-keyed items). We estimated response styles from a common personality measure (HEXACO) and examined the heritability of each with univariate genetics analyses. The results show item keying effect was heritable but acquiescence bias was not. Neither response style was strongly influenced by the shared environment of the twins. Unique environmental effects were found to be substantial for response styles. The current findings have important implications for future research of response behaviors that are often overlooked by behavioral geneticists.

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Longitudinal tests of competing factor structures for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Traits, ephemeral artifacts, and stable response styles.

Cited by 304 publications

References 70 publications

Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany.

Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany.

On the factor structure of the Rosenberg (1965) General Self-Esteem Scale.

Heritability of Acquiescence Bias and Item Keying Response Style Associated With the HEXACO Personality Scale

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