Longitudinal ultrasound assessment of fetal presentation: A review of 1010 consecutive cases

Abstract

These statistics provide a useful tool in advising women of the chances of abnormal presentation at term based on the presentation at various stages of the third trimester, and prepare them for the potential requirement of a Caesarean section.

Breech repositioning unresponsive to Webster technique: coexistence of oligohydramnios

“…5 Observation of fetal lie has shown fetal malpresentation to decrease from 21% at the beginning of the third trimester to 5% at full term, 5 which is consistent with other reports. [1][2][3][4]6 It has been demonstrated that 75% of fetal malpresentations at 28 to 30 weeks' gestation spontaneously reposition into a cephalic presentation by full term.…”

“…[1][2][3][4]6 It has been demonstrated that 75% of fetal malpresentations at 28 to 30 weeks' gestation spontaneously reposition into a cephalic presentation by full term. 5 In addition to the Webster technique, clinicians should acknowledge other management strategies for resolving breech presentation.…”

“…Approximately 3% to 5% of all pregnancies reach full term presenting with breech presentation. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The Webster technique is a chiropractic procedure that is believed to relieve the musculoskeletal cause of intrauterine constraint, with the goal of repositioning breech presentation to cephalic presentation. [7][8][9] The Webster technique is thought to promote cephalic presentation by treating sacroiliac joint dysfunction with sacral manipulation and lower abdominal tenderness, nodules, or adhesions with www.journalchiromed.com light effleurage therapy.…”

New and old predictive factors for breech presentation: our experience in 14 433 singleton pregnancies and a literature review

“…At 28-30 weeks, 21.4% of fetuses presented in an abnormal position. By 38 weeks and more, only 5.3% of them persisted as either a breech or a transverse lie [23]. According to this study an abnormal presentation in the early trimester has a 78.8% chance to spontaneous converse to a vertex presentation at term, the chance of converting going to progressively reduce as the gestational age nears to the term [23].…”

“…As the normal kicking movements of the fetus allow it to assume a vertex position by the time of delivery, the timing of fetal conversion has been investigated in some studies by monitoring the change in fetal position between early and late ultrasound examinations [22,23]. Witkop found that in early pregnancy (15-22 weeks) more than the half of fetuses presented a non-vertex position, including breech, transverse and variable presentations, while just 10% of them had a non-vertex position at 31-35 weeks.…”