Longitudinal variations in the gastrointestinal microbiome of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

The shrimp gut is a long digestive structure that includes the Foregut (stomach), Midgut (hepatopancreas) and Hindgut (intestine). Each component has different structural, immunity and digestion roles. Given these three gut digestive tract components’ significance, we examined the bacterial compositions of the Foregut, Hindgut, and Midgut digestive fractions. Those bacterial communities’ structures were evaluated by sequencing the V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, while the functions were predicted by PICRUSt2 bioinformatics workflow. Also, to avoid contamination with environmental bacteria, shrimp were maintained under strictly controlled conditions. The pairwise differential abundance analysis revealed differences among digestive tract fractions. The families Rhodobacteraceae and Rubritalaceae registered higher abundances in the Foregut fraction, while in the Midgut, the families with a higher proportion were Aeromonadaceae, Beijerinckiaceae and Propionibacteriaceae. Finally, the Cellulomonadaceae family resulted in a higher proportion in the Hindgut. Regarding the predicted functions, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were the primary functions registered for Foregut microbiota; conversely, pathways associated with the metabolism of lipids, terpenoids and polyketides, were detected in the Midgut fraction. In the Hindgut, pathways like the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins along with energy metabolism were enriched. Structural changes were followed by significant alterations in functional capabilities, suggesting that each fraction’s bacteria communities may carry out specific metabolic functions. Results indicate that white shrimp’s gut microbiota is widely related to the fraction analyzed across the digestive tract. Overall, our results suggest a role for the dominant bacteria in each digestive tract fraction, contributing with a novel insight into the bacterial community.

Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome illuminates the mechanisms and evolution of lignocellulose degradation in mangrove herbivorous crabs

“…Functional metagenomic studies on crustaceans, including crabs, are limited to a few species (e.g. terrestrial isopods, [ 66 ]; shrimp [ 67 ]) and species with commercial importance (e.g. Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis [ 28 , 29 ]; mud crab Scylla spp.…”

Consistent features of the gut microbiota in response to diverse shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei diseases: A meta‐analysis

“…Both shrimp lifestages and different diseases strongly constrained the structures of gut microbiota (Figure 1). In accordance, shrimp age is a driving factor in shaping the gut microbiota (Garibay-Valdez et al, 2021;Xiong et al, 2020). According to the co-evolution hypothesis (McFall-Ngai et al, 2013), the digestive system of larval shrimp is incomplete, larvae therefore recruit suitable gut commensals to expand their range of food digestion.…”

“…The magnitude of microbiome departure to healthy gut microbiome is linearly associated with the severity of shrimp disease (Chen et al, 2017; Lu et al, 2020). Furthermore, dysbiosis in the gut microbiota precedes the onset of shrimp disease (Garibay‐Valdez et al, 2021; Xiong, Zhu, et al, 2017). These shreds of evidence collectively points to the promising idea that the gut microbiota is sensitive to shrimp health status, thereby facilitating the potential for diagnosing the onset and severity of diseases.…”

Brain Protection by Methylene Blue and Its Derivative, Azur B, via Activation of the Nrf2/ARE Pathway in Cisplatin-Induced Cognitive Impairment

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