In Special Needs education and inclusive education, it is important to consider the physiology and pathological aspects of children with disabilities. The education of children with physical disabilities is especially important, and educational support and understanding of their medical treatment should be provided. This support and understanding needs to be inclusive of physiological and pathological diseases such as Cerebral Palsy (CP), Spina Bifida (SB), and Muscular Dystrophy (MD). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how to characterize physical disabilities based on physiology and pathology, and to discuss possible medical treatments and education within the characterizations. These findings may assist future research to develop a teaching method based on physiology and pathology.