Longstanding dental pathology in Neandertals from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) with a probable familial basis

Dean, MC; Rosas, Antonio; Estalrrich, Almudena; García-Tabernero, Antonio; Huguet, Rosa; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Bastir, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.03.004

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Dating to 49,000 BP, the site has produced the remains of 13 individuals, including seven adults, three adolescents, two juveniles and one infant . Genetic analysis (Lalueza-Fox et al 2011) and the occurrence of rare congenital conditions (Dean et al 2013;Ríos et al 2015) all support the case for a closely related, contemporaneous social group. The relatively small size of the El Sidrón 'family' is also consistent with broader archaeological evidence (Spikins, Hitchens, and Needham 2017).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 81%

Calculated or caring? Neanderthal healthcare in social context

et al. 2018

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Explanations for patterns of healed trauma in Neanderthals have been a matter of debate for several decades. Despite widespread evidence for recovery from injuries or survival despite impairments, apparent evidence for healthcare is given limited attention. Moreover, interpretations of Neanderthals' approach to injury and suffering sometimes assume a calculated or indifferent attitude to others. Here the authors review evidence for Neanderthal healthcare, drawing on a bioarchaeology of care approach and relating healthcare to other realms of Neanderthal social life. The authors argue that Neanderthal medical treatment and healthcare was widespread and part of a social context of strong pro-social bonds which was not distinctively different from healthcare seen in later contexts. They suggest that the time has come to accept Neanderthal healthcare as a compassionate and knowledgeable response to injury and illness, and to turn to other questions, such as cultural variation or the wider significance of healthcare in an evolutionary context.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 81%

Calculated or caring? Neanderthal healthcare in social context

et al. 2018

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“…Previous studies in the hominin fossils have described pathological lesions related to impacted teeth in two Australopithecus specimens and four Neanderthals (Bilsborough & Thompson, ; Dean et al, ; Frayer et al, ; Weinberger, ); although in the one Neanderthal specimen from Grotte du Renne this remains speculative (Bailey & Hublin, ). All individuals exhibit mandibular involvement (two M 3 and three canines), except for the specimen KNM‐WT17400, where the condition involves the M 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although dental impaction, defined as the cessation of tooth eruption due to a physical barrier or due to tooth malposition (Bondemark & Tsiopa, ; Mortazavi & Baharvand, ), is quite common in modern humans (Hashemipour, Tahmasbi‐Arashlow, & Fahimi‐Hanzaei, ; Mortazavi & Baharvand, ) this condition is comparatively rare in fossil hominins. Only six cases of dental impaction have been reported in the literature, two in the genus Australopithecus (Gibson & Calcagno, ) and four in Neanderthals (Bilsborough & Thompson, ; Dean et al, ; Frayer, Gatti, Monge, & Radovčić, ; Weinberger, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic maxillary third molar in Early PleistoceneHomo antecessorfrom Atapuerca‐Gran Dolina site (Burgos, Spain)

Martín‐Francés

Martinón‐Torres

Pinillos

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives Here we describe the case of an ectopic maxillary third molar (M3), preventing the eruption of the M2, in the individual H3 of the hominin hypodigm of level TD6.2 of the Early Pleistocene site of Gran Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Materials and Methods The fossil remains from the TD6.2 level of the Gran Dolina site (about 170 specimens) are assigned to Homo antecessor. Different geochronological methods place these hominins in the oxygen isotopic stage 21, between 0.8 and 0.85 million years ago (Ma). The immature individual H3 is represented by an almost complete midface (ATD6‐69), preserving various teeth in situ. We used high‐resolution microtomograhy (mCT) to investigate the abnormal position of the left M3, virtually reconstruct M2, and M3 as well as assessing the development stage of these. Finally, we compare this case with extinct and extant populations. Results Based on the identified signs, we suggest that individual H3 suffered from a unilateral impaction of the M2 as a result of the ectopic position of the developing M3. Discussion We conclude that the most likely etiology for the ectopic position of the M3 is the lack of space in the maxilla. We discuss possible contributing factors, such as morphometric aspects of the maxilla and the early mineralization of the M3, to support the M2 impaction. Finally, due to the early age at death of this individual we did not identify any secondary lesion associated with the M2 impaction.

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“…Y, finalmente, la implementación de técnicas novedosas de excavación, con el denominado "protocolo de excavación limpia" (Figura 3). Tal protocolo consiste en el genotipado del personal investigador implicado en el manejo de los restos, equipamiento de los excavadores con trajes y guantes estériles, uso de máscaras, lavado del material de excavación con lejía, extracción del fósil e inmediato mantenimiento en frío, hasta su posterior congelación a -20ºC (Dean et al, 2013), o la presencia de defectos en la osificación de la primera vértebra cervical en otros dos (quizá tres) individuos (Ríos et al, 2014;2015). En conclusión, los neandertales de la zona y cronología de El Sidrón probablemente vivían en pequeños grupos, relativamente aislados y con una baja diversidad genética.…”

Section: Figure 2: Schematic Drawings Of the 13 Neandertal Individualunclassified

“…Mediante estas técnicas, hemos comprobado que todos los individuos analizados eran diestros, con la posible excepción de un individuo adulto (Adulto 2), que cambió su lateralidad manual por la presencia de una condición patológica dental Estalrrich y Rosas, 2013;Dean et al, 2013). La distribución de marcadores de actividad en la dentición también es distinta en hombres y en mujeres por lo que hemos podido establecer una cierta división sexual del trabajo entre los neandertales (Estalrrich y Rosas, 2015).…”

Section: Marcadores De Actividadunclassified

Investigación paleoantropológica de los fósiles neandertales de El Sidrón (Asturias, España)

Rosas

Estalrrich

García-Tabernero

et al. 2015

CyG

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duos. Los resultados genéticos, ratificados por datos osteológicos, definen a los neandertales de El Sidrón como un grupo homogéneo, con estrechos lazos familiares entre sus individuos. Finalmente, las numerosas evidencias del tratamiento antrópico de los restos hacen de El Sidrón un ejemplo paradigmático de prácticas de canibalismo entre los neandertales.Palabras clave: neandertal; fósil; paleoantropología; karst; canibalismo; ADN antiguo. AbstractThe archaeological project in the Gallery of the Osario of the cave of El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) has recently concluded after 13 field seasons of detailed, methodical excavation. We present here a summary of the lines of research and the paleoanthropological studies carried out to date, as well as a brief perspective of the ongoing investigations. More than 2550 neandertal fossil remains have been recovered from this singular deposit, together with 400 pieces of Mousterian lithic industry, and less than 60 non-human remains. Sedimentological, taphonomic and structural analyses of the karst clarify that this fossil assemblage is in a secondary position and comes by mudflow from a gallery/shelter located in a superior level of the karst. All the skeletal parts are represented, and 13 individuals have been identified: 7 adults (3 males, 4 females), 3 adolescents (2 males, 1 female), 2 male juveniles and an infant. The El Sidrón collection constitutes the most numerous and diverse neandertal sample of the Iberian Peninsula, allowing systemic studies on tempo and modo of appearance of the derived characters in the neandertal lineage. The wide undertaken paleobiological research program includes the study of the different levels of biological organization, from demographic and evolutionary dynamics to molecular aspects. With regard to the latter, the extraction of DNA sequences has played a central role, with the characterization of the mt-DNA haplotype of 12 individuals, and with the inclusion of samples from El Sidrón in the Neandertal Genome and Exome projects. Results from the genetic and osteological studies define El Sidrón neandertals as a homogenous group, with narrow kinship bonds between their individuals. Finally, the numerous evidences of human-induced treatment of the bones make of El Sidrón a paradigmatic example of practices of cannibalism between the neandertals.

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Longstanding dental pathology in Neandertals from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) with a probable familial basis

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Calculated or caring? Neanderthal healthcare in social context

Calculated or caring? Neanderthal healthcare in social context

Ectopic maxillary third molar in Early PleistoceneHomo antecessorfrom Atapuerca‐Gran Dolina site (Burgos, Spain)

Investigación paleoantropológica de los fósiles neandertales de El Sidrón (Asturias, España)

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