“…John Berger famously commented that spectacular caged environments, such as zoos, where ‘all animals appear like fish seen through the plate glass of an aquarium’, function as a ‘monument’ to the ‘disappearance’ or ‘marginalisation’ of animals with the ascendency of human culture (Berger, : 14–24). In this tradition of thought, ‘human advance coincides with the retreat of the animal, though animals do not disappear completely and live in a state of perpetual fading, hence their figure has become spectral, like that of the living dead’, as Valeria de los Ríos puts it (De los Ríos, : 38). In this view, the expanding life of one species (the human) is premised on the simultaneous marking for living death of other species.…”