Look me in the eyes! A pre-registered eye-tracking study investigating visual attention and affective reactions to faces with a visible difference

Rasset, Pauline; Mange, Jessica; Montalan, Benoît

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.10.010

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…G*Power [ 21 ] was used to calculate an a priori sample size, using a standard parameter of α = .05, a power 1 – ß = .80, for a small effect of ρ = .25 [ 16 ]. This study was preregistered at https://osf.io/grytk .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the aims of this research were twofold: 1) replicate previous eye-tracking research showing a stigmatizing gaze with a focus on the FD leading to the neglect of the eyes region [ 16 ], and 2) determine if this stigmatizing gaze could be related to the dehumanization of people with FD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Third (and accordingly), research conducted with event-related potentials showed a reduced amplitude of the N170 –a component involved in holistic processing–when people are exposed to faces with FD in comparison to when they are exposed to faces without FD [ 14 ]. Finally, attention to the eyes is related to humanizing modes of perception [ 15 ], but for faces with FD, gaze behavior is focused on the FD and drawn away from the eyes [ 16 ]. Interestingly, this specific pattern of gaze behavior seems to play a key role in the stigmatization of people with FD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Madera and Hebl [ 17 , 18 ] revealed that the focus on FD biases memory, which in turn fosters discrimination. More recently, Rasset and colleagues [ 16 ] showed that the interaction between the focus on the FD and the lesser attention given to the eyes was correlated with a heightened affective reaction of disgust. Concretely, they asked their participants to look at faces with and without a burn-like disfigurement on the cheek.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Only human after all? a pre-registered study on gaze behavior and humanity attributions to people with facial difference

Rasset,

Montalan,

Mange

2023

PLoS ONE

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There is a great deal of indirect evidence suggesting that people with facial difference (FD) may be dehumanized. This research aimed to provide direct evidence of the dehumanization of people with FD based on the stigmatizing reactions they elicit. More precisely, previous findings revealed that the specific way people with FD are looked upon is related to the feelings of disgust they elicit. Since disgust fosters dehumanization, our aim was to confirm the modified pattern of visual attention towards people with FD and to determine whether it was also related to humanness perception. For that purpose, a preregistered eye-tracking study (N = 97) using a former experimental design extended to humanity attributions was conducted. This research replicates findings showing that the face of people with FD is explored differently in comparison with other human faces. However, the hypothesis that people with FD were given fewer humanity attributions was not supported. Therefore, the hypothesis of a "dehumanizing gaze" towards people with FD–beyond humanity-related attributions–is discussed in light of these findings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Only human after all? a pre-registered study on gaze behavior and humanity attributions to people with facial difference

Rasset,

Montalan,

Mange

2023

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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“…The saliency models were compared to measurements of humans’ visual attention obtained via eye-tracking. Eye-tracking technology has been employed in some prior studies of facial differences; however, it has not been considered specifically for patients with head and neck cancer, 19 – 24 except for our preliminary work 25 , 26…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing saliency models of observers’ visual attention on acquired facial differences

et al. 2023

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Purpose: Saliency models that predict observers' visual attention to facial differences could enable psychosocial interventions to help patients and their families anticipate staring behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of existing saliency models to predict observers' visual attention to acquired facial differences arising from head and neck cancer and its treatment.Approach: Saliency maps predicted by graph-based visual saliency (GBVS), an artificial neural network (ANN), and a face-specific model were compared to observer fixation maps generated from eye-tracking of lay observers presented with clinical facial photographs of patients with a visible or functional impairment manifesting in the head and neck region. We used a linear mixed-effects model to investigate observer and stimulus factors associated with the saliency models' accuracy.Results: The GBVS model predicted many irrelevant regions (e.g., shirt collars) as being salient. The ANN model underestimated observers' attention to facial differences relative to the central region of the face. Compared with GBVS and ANN, the face-specific saliency model was more accurate on this task; however, the face-specific model underestimated the saliency of deviations from the typical structure of human faces. The linear mixed-effects model revealed that the location of the facial difference (midface versus periphery) was significantly associated with saliency model performance. Model performance was also significantly impacted by interobserver variability.Conclusions: Existing saliency models are not adequate for predicting observers' visual attention to facial differences. Extensions of face-specific saliency models are needed to accurately predict the saliency of acquired facial differences arising from head and neck cancer and its treatment.

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Towards a better understanding of the social stigma of facial difference

et al. 2022

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Look me in the eyes! A pre-registered eye-tracking study investigating visual attention and affective reactions to faces with a visible difference

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

Only human after all? a pre-registered study on gaze behavior and humanity attributions to people with facial difference

Only human after all? a pre-registered study on gaze behavior and humanity attributions to people with facial difference

Assessing saliency models of observers’ visual attention on acquired facial differences

Towards a better understanding of the social stigma of facial difference

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