Look Mum, no VM Exits! (Almost)

Ramsauer, Ralf; Kiszka, Jan; Lohmann, Daniel; Mauerer, Wolfgang

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.06932

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, Xen was not initially designed for real-time systems and the current version can still lead to high kernel latency as shown in our baseline evaluation. The Jailhouse hypervisor optimizes real-time performance by direct hardware assignment and static partitioning techniques [35]. While it can deliver near-native performance by eliminating device emulation, only passthrough devices are supported in virtual machines.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Performance Evaluation of Embedded Multi-core Mixed-criticality System Based on PREEMPT_RT Linux

Matsubara

Takada

et al. 2023

Journal of Information Processing

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The use of Linux in the domain of embedded systems is growing very fast. Due to the complexity of hardware and software on Linux-based platforms, it is challenging to meet the performance requirements, especially for the mixed-criticality system with both real-time and best-effort tasks. We propose a reference design of Linuxbased mixed-criticality system using PREEMPT RT patch to improve real-time performance and QEMU/KVM virtual machine to reduce interferences. An evaluation environment of the proposed design is built with recent software and hardware to investigate the performance characteristics via experimental measurements. We measure and analyze the baseline kernel latency, the system throughput and the real-time performance under multiple conditions. In detailed analysis, we reveal novel insights on the real-time capabilities and limitations of Linux-based embedded systems. The results show that our design can meet the 100 µs deadline goal of 1 kHz real-time task with high probability under various extreme interferences, and can deliver high throughput for best-effort workload.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Performance Evaluation of Embedded Multi-core Mixed-criticality System Based on PREEMPT_RT Linux

Matsubara

Takada

et al. 2023

Journal of Information Processing

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“…Partitioning hypervisors are among the main virtualization solutions used in industrial environments. An example is Jailhouse [7], a Linux-based partitioning hypervisor developed by Siemens. It introduces the notion of cells, with statically assigned resources that are exclusively mapped to one guest operating system (OS) and its applications called inmates, that, in our vision, can host the functions of a Real-Time FaaS.…”

Section: Current Solutions Enabling Real-time Faasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time FaaS: serverless computing for Industry 4.0

Cinque

2023

SOCA

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Tailor-made Virtualization Monitor Design for CPU Virtualization on LEON Processors

Parra

Silva

Losa

et al. 2023

ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.

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In recent decades, mixed-criticality systems have been widely adopted to reduce the complexity and development times of real-time critical applications. In these systems, applications run on a separation kernel hypervisor, a software element that controls the execution of the different operating systems, providing a virtualized environment and ensuring the necessary spatial and temporal isolation. The guest code can run unmodified and unaware of the hypervisor or be explicitly modified to have a tight coupling with the hypervisor. The former is known as full virtualization, while the latter is known as para-virtualization. Full virtualization offers better compatibility and flexibility than para-virtualization, at the cost of a performance penalty. LEON is a processor family that implements the SPARC V8 architecture and whose use is widespread in the field of space systems. To the best of our knowledge, all separation kernel hypervisors designed to support the development of mixed-criticality systems for LEON employ para-virtualization, which hinders the adaptation of real-time operating systems. This paper presents the design of a Virtualization Monitor that allows guest real-time operating systems to run virtualized on LEON-based systems without needing to modify their source code. It is designed as a standalone component within a hypervisor and incorporates a set of techniques such as static binary rewriting, automatic code generation, and the use of operating system profiles. To validate the proposed solution, tests and benchmarks have been implemented for three guest systems: RTEMS, FreeRTOS, and Zephyr, analyzing the overhead introduced in certain situations characteristic of real-time applications. Finally, the same benchmarks have been run on AIR, one of the hypervisors that uses para-virtualization. The results obtained show that the use of the proposed techniques allows us to obtain similar results to those obtained using para-virtualization without the need to modify the source code of the guest real-time operating systems.

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Look Mum, no VM Exits! (Almost)

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

A Performance Evaluation of Embedded Multi-core Mixed-criticality System Based on PREEMPT_RT Linux

A Performance Evaluation of Embedded Multi-core Mixed-criticality System Based on PREEMPT_RT Linux

Real-Time FaaS: serverless computing for Industry 4.0

Tailor-made Virtualization Monitor Design for CPU Virtualization on LEON Processors

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