Looking at remembering: Eye movements, pupil size, and autobiographical memory

Janssen, Steve M. J.; Foo, Alicia; Johnson, Sheena N.; Lim, Alfred; Satel, J

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2021.103089

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the different retrieval processes can be accompanied and shaped by different epistemic feelings, namely, different evaluations of the retrieval itself. As reported above, subjective evaluation of effort/ease of recall has been found to be quite relevant in voluntary retrieval, distinguishing between direct and generative memories, and recent evidence confirmed that this subjective experience is also reflected in objective measures associated with the two kinds of retrieval (e.g., pupil size in Janssen et al 2021).…”

Section: New Developments: the Phenomenology Of The Retrieval Processmentioning

confidence: 56%

The Subjective Experience of Autobiographical Remembering: Conceptual and Methodological Advances and Challenges

Chiorri,

Vannucci

2024

J. Intell.

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The investigation of the phenomenology of autobiographical memories (i.e., how a memory is subjectively experienced and its meaning) has provided an important contribution to our understanding of autobiographical remembering. Over the last two decades, the study of phenomenology has received widespread scientific attention, and the field has undergone quite relevant conceptual and methodological changes. In the present work, we (1) review some basic and well-established research findings and methodological achievements; (2) discuss new theoretical and methodological challenges, with a special focus on the issue of the phenomenological experience of the retrieval process and its relationship with the phenomenology of the products of retrieval; and (3) propose an alternative way of conceptualizing and understanding it in the framework of experimental phenomenology.

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Section: New Developments: the Phenomenology Of The Retrieval Processmentioning

confidence: 56%

The Subjective Experience of Autobiographical Remembering: Conceptual and Methodological Advances and Challenges

Chiorri,

Vannucci

2024

J. Intell.

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“…Unfortunately, no direct measurement of prediction error was available in the present study addressing involuntary and direct retrieval based on bodily signals (e.g., heartbeat evoked potentials; Montoya et al, 1993); this represents a future challenge. Janssen et al (2021), who conducted one of the few previous studies to examine factors associated with subjective judgments, showed that smaller pupil size was associated with direct retrieval judgments. Based on the theoretical framework proposed in the present study, the results of Janssen et al ( 2021) may be reframed as in terms of interoception as indicating that autonomic nervous system responses are involved in direct retrieval judgments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies investigating subjective judgments of retrieval mode, participants were explicitly asked to report on whether their memories came to mind through direct or generative processes (Harris & Berntsen, 2019;Janssen et al, 2021;Matsumoto et al, 2020;Uzer et al, 2012;Uzer, 2016;Uzer & Brown, 2017) or voluntary or involuntary retrieval processes (Barzykowski et al, 2021;Sanson et al, 2020). This method revealed that memories that came to mind following concrete cues and with short retrieval latencies, averaging approximately 5 s or less, were judged as having been retrieved directly while memories with relatively long retrieval latencies, averaging approximately 10 s (Uzer et al, 2012) were judged as having been retrieved through generative processes.…”

Section: Distinguishing Between Direct and Generative Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective judgments on direct and generative retrieval of autobiographical memory: The role of interoceptive sensibility and emotion

et al. 2022

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Autobiographical remembering is a subjective experience, and whether retrieval is perceived to occur through involuntary or voluntary, direct or generative cognitive processes is also based on subjective intuition. The present study examined factors that may contribute to the subjective judgment that occurs when we perceive memories as being retrieved directly (i.e., a memory comes to mind directly and immediately) or through generative processes (i.e., recalling a memory with effort or by using additional information). We examined the hypothesis that internal awareness (interoceptive sensibility and mindfulness traits) contributes to the physical reaction and emotional impact of memories at retrieval, which then influence the subjective judgment that memories are retrieved directly. In two online experiments, participants were asked to recall specific memories following verbal cues and to judge the retrieval process (i.e., direct or generative). We demonstrated that emotional awareness, an interoceptive sensibility scale factor, consistently predicted a high probability of direct retrieval judgments independent of other predictors of direct retrieval, such as retrieval latency and cue concreteness. This effect was especially common for concrete cues. In Experiment 2 we demonstrated that emotional awareness predicted direct retrieval judgments through the mediation of retrieval impact (physical reaction and emotional impact). These results indicate the involvement of interoceptive processing in the direct retrieval of autobiographical memories. We discuss the role of interoception in memory retrieval and present interoceptive prediction error as a novel and potentially integrative account of our findings.

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“…This increased pupil size was attributed by El Haj, Janssen, Gallouj, and Lenoble [ 18 ] to the search and retrieval processes involved in reconstructing memories during past thinking. The effect of cognitive processing on pupil size during past thinking was further demonstrated by Jansse, et al [ 19 ], who monitored pupil size during past thinking in healthy young adults. Pupil size was measured while the participants retrieved personal memories with the help of cue words (i.e., effortless past thinking) or without the help of cue words (i.e., effortful past thinking).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The above-mentioned research [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] assessed pupil size during past and future thinking in healthy participants. Recently, we assessed pupil size during past thinking in a person with retrograde amnesia [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Pupil Size during Future Thinking in a Subject with Retrograde Amnesia

Boutoleau‐Bretonnière

Lamy

Haj

2022

Brain Sciences

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Recent research has assessed pupil size during past thinking in patients with retrograde amnesia. Building on this research, we assessed pupil size during future thinking in a retrograde amnesia patient. To this end, we measured pupil size during past and future thinking in L, a 19-year-old, right-handed man free of neurological/psychiatric disorders except for retrograde amnesia that occurred after an episode of fugue. During a past thinking condition, we invited L to retrieve retrograde events (i.e., events that occurred before amnesia) and anterograde events (i.e., events that occurred after amnesia). During a future thinking condition, we invited him to imagine events that might occur the following week, the following month, and in the new year. Past and future thinking occurred while L’s pupil size was monitored with eye-tracking glasses. L demonstrated higher specificity during future than during past thinking. Critically, the results demonstrated a larger pupil size during future than during past thinking. The larger pupil size during future thinking observed in L can be attributed to the high cognitive load involved in future thinking. Our study not only demonstrates preserved future thinking in a patient with dissociative retrograde amnesia, but also shows that pupillometry can be used for the physiological assessment of future thinking in retrograde amnesia patients.

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Looking at remembering: Eye movements, pupil size, and autobiographical memory

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

The Subjective Experience of Autobiographical Remembering: Conceptual and Methodological Advances and Challenges

The Subjective Experience of Autobiographical Remembering: Conceptual and Methodological Advances and Challenges

Subjective judgments on direct and generative retrieval of autobiographical memory: The role of interoceptive sensibility and emotion

Increased Pupil Size during Future Thinking in a Subject with Retrograde Amnesia

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