“…As a result, as in other observational studies, we do not know which model -the crude model or the fully adjusted model -was the best reflection of the true effect of anemia on functional decline. This may well explain the inconsistent results in other population-based studies of anemia and disability, [23][24][25][26][27] anemia and cognitive impairment or dementia, 3,23,28,29 and anemia and depression 23,24,30 in elderly individuals. These studies all used different levels of control for the confounding effects of comorbidity.…”