Looking back at agency-driven housing reconstruction in India: Case studies from Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu

Barenstein, Jennifer Duyne; Modan, Akbar Nazim; Talha, Katheeja; Upadhyay, Nishant; Khandhadai, Charanya

doi:10.3362/9781780448398.003

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Even when relocated to the urban periphery, transportation costs increase and can significantly impact a family's budget [39]. Conversely, short relocation distances are credited as a contributor to recovery and resilience [40,41]. In addition, proximity to urban centers has been positively correlated with high social capital [42].…”

Section: Site Selection and Proximitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster

Palagi

Javernick‐Will

2020

Sustainability

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Mass relocation—the transfer of communities to new housing developments—is often implemented following disasters, despite criticism that past projects have not created livable communities for residents. Livable relocation communities are those where residents experience quality housing, utilities, social infrastructure, neighborliness, safety, and a sense of permanence. Numerous conditions may support livability, such as site location, community involvement, and processes of managing construction and beneficiary transfer. We evaluated relocation communities in Tacloban City, Philippines, applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify pathways, or combinations of conditions, that led to built and societal livability. We found pathways to livability generally differed between government and non-government developed sites, with the former benefiting from a slower pace and standard permitting procedures, and the latter by building fast and using scale and need to prompt improved services. An unexpected combination emerged as a pathway to societal livability—being remote and comprised of households originally from a mix of different communities—revealing a new narrative for positive social outcomes in relocation. Three conditions emerged as necessary for achieving overall livability: fast construction, full occupancy, and close proximity to an economic and administrative center. This analysis demonstrates necessary conditions and pathways that implementing agencies can reference in their quest to create livable relocation communities.

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Section: Site Selection and Proximitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster

Palagi

Javernick‐Will

2020

Sustainability

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“…There have been some notable examples of research on long-term impacts of PDR projects. These include, research on post-2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka (O’Brien and Ahmed, 2012), a compendium of case studies on the Asia and Latin America (Schilderman and Parker, 2014) including those investigated 36 years after 1976 Guatemala earthquake (Rhyner, 2014), 12 years since El Salvador earthquake (Blanco et al , 2014) and 12 years since 2001 Gujarat earthquake (Barenstein et al , 2014). Despite some emerging efforts, research on long-term impacts of reconstruction, especially in terms of enhancing resilience from a systems perspective, remains limited.…”

Section: Introduction—what We Already Know!mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel framework for owner driven reconstruction projects to enhance disaster resilience in the long term

Vahanvati

2018

DPM

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Purpose Post-disaster reconstruction poses a double-edged sword to its implementers as it demands addressing survivors’ need for speed as well as meeting the growing expectation to trigger resilience. While an owner-driven housing reconstruction (ODHR), inter-disciplinary and long-term approach has been promoted internationally; however, there is limited research focussed on the long-term impacts (>10 years after a disaster) of ODHR. Furthermore, there is no one accepted framework for practitioners to guide through the process of ODHR projects to carve pathways for disaster resilience. The purpose of this paper is to assimilate findings—contingent and generalisable—into a novel framework for future change in practice. Design/methodology/approach This paper deployed a mixed methods methodology with a comparative case study research method. Two case study projects were from the Indian state of Gujarat, 13 years after the 2001 earthquake and the other two from Bihar, 6 years since the 2008 Kosi river floods. Due to multi-disciplinary nature of research, empirical data collection relied on a mix of social sciences methods including 80 semi-structured interviews, and architectural research methods including the visual analysis of photographs and sketches. Three sample groups of agency members, beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were purposively selected. Thematic content analysis was used for the data analysis. Findings The paper provides empirical insights on how ODHR projects in Indian states of Gujarat and Bihar succeeded at enhancing disaster resilience of communities. It suggests that the civil society organisations acted as “enablers” at four stages: envisioning strategically based on systemic understanding, building soft assets including community trust and dignity for social mobilisation prior to, proposing minor modifications to construction technology for its multi-hazard safety as well as cultural relevance, and sustaining capacity building efforts beyond reconstruction completion or beyond one project life-cycle. Research limitations/implications The author of this paper cautions that the spiral framework needs further development to make it flexibility and customisable to suit the specifics of a particular context. Originality/value The implications of the findings discussed in this paper are primarily for practitioners involved in disaster recovery and development sector. Since prevailing models or frameworks neither incorporate multi-disciplinary approach (demanded by socio-ecological systems resilience concept), nor represent project scale, a novel, four-pronged framework for ODHR has been proposed in this paper for strategic success. The framework has been illustrated in spiral and tabular forms, and has been kept abstract to provide practitioners the much-needed flexibility for adapting it to suit the specifics of a particular context.

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Looking back at agency-driven housing reconstruction in India: Case studies from Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster

Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster

A novel framework for owner driven reconstruction projects to enhance disaster resilience in the long term

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