Looking East, Looking West: Penang as a Knowledge Hub

Abstract

Penang has always been a focal point, absorbing knowledge (and popular culture) from civilizations to the East and West. In modern Penang the pattern of cultural contacts has changed over time. Research institutes and universities in Penang cooperate with foreign partners to produce research papers and reports. Based on an analysis of joint research output, the changing international position of Penang as an emerging research hub will be analysed. The paper will show that international cooperation has increased considerably between 1970 and 2010, but that there has also been a remarkable shift from European, Australian and American partners to East Asian and to South Asian partners. The latter will be analysed in greater detail to show the development of Penang as an increasingly important Asian knowledge hub. One of the highlighted results of our paper will be the increasing importance of research ties across the Indian Ocean.

Implementation of an Ethical Circular Hub: Framework Proposal

“…There is plenty of work on knowledge hubs. Gerke and Evers (2011) show the development of Penang as an increasingly important Asian knowledge hub with a large number of universities, research institutes, and Research and Development (R&D) divisions located closely together to support it where scientific cooperation is highlighted. Brar et al (2023) summarize the prevailing original research articles on knowledge hubs or platforms and identify the benefits and ways to address challenges when developing a knowledge hub with community participation.…”

Tadbir Urus Pengetahuan: Sudut Pandang dari Brunei Darussalam dan Malaysia

“…Fokus kami di sini adalah kumpulan pengetahuan di Pulau Pinang, di mana kumpulan ini menunjukkan tahap kepelbagaian syarikat dan pekerja yang intelek (lihat Rajah 3). Pulau Pinang merupakan pusat aktiviti terpenting di sepanjang pantai di Selat Melaka kerana pernah menjadi pusat keluar masuk barang dagangan (Gerke & Evers 2012). Ia juga telah menjadi sebuah tempat pengeluaran alat-alat elektronik terkemuka sejak awal tahun 1970-an.…”

“…Contoh ini menunjukkan kenyataan yang diabaikan bahawa peranan pusat perdagangan dan pelabuhan pada masa lalu menyediakan kawasan ini kepada sebuah kumpulan yang menjanjikan pengetahuan moden. Dalam erti kata lain, kejayaan kerajaan Pulau Pinang dalam memanfaatkan kumpulan pengetahuan mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor sejarah, peranan badanbadan kerajaan tempatan dan kepelbagaian syarikat (Gerke & Evers 2012). Penelitian empirikal jauh lebih diperlukan dalam meningkatkan hubungan lokal dan tidak lokal dalam kelompok yang memungkinkan pembentukan arus pengetahuan di Pulau Pinang.…”