Looking like vs. acting like your race: Social activism shapes perceptions of multiracial individuals

Garay, Maria M.; Meyers, Chanel; Remedios, Jessica D.; Pauker, Kristin

doi:10.1080/15298868.2019.1659848

“…Whereas Asian-White biracial people have been investigated in several studies to date (Chen et al, 2019;Garay et al, 2019;Ho et al, 2011) and are the second most represented target group (19% of stimuli), there is scant research investigating the perception of Multiracial Hispanic faces. It should be noted that perceptions of the Hispanic/Latinx category differ from its official designation as an ethnicity (as opposed to a race).…”

Section: Dominance Of Black-white Multiracial Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadening the stimulus set: Introducing the American Multiracial Faces Database

Chen

¹

,

Norman

²

,

Nam

³

2020

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Face-based perceptions form the basis for how people behave towards each other and, hence, are central to understanding human interaction. Studying face perception requires a large and diverse set of stimuli in order to make ecologically valid, generalizable conclusions. To date, there are no publicly available databases with a substantial number of Multiracial or racially ambiguous faces. Our systematic review of the literature on Multiracial person perception documented that published studies have relied on computer-generated faces (84% of stimuli), Black-White faces (74%), and male faces (63%). We sought to address these issues, and to broaden the diversity of available face stimuli, by creating the American Multiracial Faces Database (AMFD). The AMFD is a novel collection of 110 faces with mixed-race heritage and accompanying ratings of those faces by naive observers that are freely available to academic researchers. The faces (smiling and neutral expression poses) were rated on attractiveness, emotional expression, racial ambiguity, masculinity, racial group membership(s), gender group membership(s), warmth, competence, dominance, and trustworthiness. The large majority of the AMFD faces are racially ambiguous and can pass into at least two different racial categories. These faces will be useful to researchers seeking to study Multiracial person perception as well as those looking for racially ambiguous faces in order to study categorization processes in general. Consequently, the AMFD will be useful to a broad group of researchers who are studying face perception.

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“…The role of a social entrepreneur appears to align with role expectations stereotypically assigned to people of color. Relative to White individuals in most western societies, people of color are more frequently associated with social and political activism to bring about change in an effort to help those who are disenfranchised (Garay et al, 2019;Wilkin et al, 2009). Such individuals have higher participation rates in volunteer and prosocial organizations (Stoll, 2001).…”

Section: Race and Raising Funds For Social Ventures Versus Commercial...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, we should expect men to be more favorably viewed when pursuing a commercial venture than a social venture, potentially leading to better funding performance for a commercial venture compared to a social venture. In addition, people of color, particularly those that are Black and Hispanic, are often associated with social and political activism to bring about change and help those that are disenfranchised (Garay et al, 2019;Wilkin et al, 2009). Association with social activism and social organizations makes it more likely that people of color would appear consistent with the role of a social entrepreneur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venturing for Others, Subject to Role Expectations? A Role Congruity Theory Approach to Social Venture Crowd Funding

Anglin

¹

,

Courtney

²

,

Allison

³

2021

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

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Scant attention has been paid to the differences in fundraising for social versus commercial ventures. We adopt a role congruity theory perspective to argue that because women and people of color are more congruent with role expectations attributed to social entrepreneurs, they experience better fundraising performance when raising crowdfunded capital for social ventures compared to commercial ventures. We then argue entrepreneur race heightens fundraising differences for men and women. Results indicate women experience better funding performance when funding a social versus commercial venture—an effect that is larger for women of color. Men of color experience worse performance when funding a social venture. We find no differences for White men.

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“…Of the studies we reviewed, 74% of all face stimuli used were Black-White Multiracial. Yet, according to Parker et al 2015 Whereas Asian-White biracial people have been investigated in several studies to date (Chen et al, 2019;Garay et al, 2019;Ho et al, 2011) and are the second most represented target group (19% of stimuli), there is scant research investigating the perception of Multiracial Hispanic faces. It should be noted that perceptions of the Hispanic/Latinx category differ from its official designation as an ethnicity (as opposed to a race).…”

Section: Dominance Of Black-white Multiracial Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadening the Stimulus Set: Introducing the American Multiracial Faces Database

Chen¹,

Norman²,

Nam³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Face-based perceptions form the basis for how people behave towards each other and, hence, are central to understanding human interaction. Studying face perception requires a large and diverse set of stimuli in order to make ecologically valid, generalizable conclusions. To date, there are no publicly available databases with a substantial number of Multiracial or racially ambiguous faces. Our systematic review of the literature on Multiracial person perception documented that published studies have relied on computer-generated faces (84% of stimuli), Black-White faces (74%), and male faces (63%). We sought to address these issues, and to broaden the diversity of available face stimuli, by creating the American Multiracial Faces Database (AMFD). The AMFD is a novel collection of 110 faces with mixed-race heritage and accompanying ratings of those faces by naive observers that are freely available to academic researchers. The faces (smiling and neutral expression poses) were rated on attractiveness, emotional expression, racial ambiguity, masculinity, racial group membership(s), gender group membership(s), warmth, competence, dominance, and trustworthiness. The large majority of the AMFD faces are racially ambiguous and can pass into at least two different racial categories. These faces will be useful to researchers seeking to study Multiracial person perception as well as those looking for racially ambiguous faces in order to study categorization processes in general. Consequently, the AMFD will be useful to a broad group of researchers who are studying face perception.

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Looking like vs. acting like your race: Social activism shapes perceptions of multiracial individuals

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Broadening the stimulus set: Introducing the American Multiracial Faces Database

Broadening the stimulus set: Introducing the American Multiracial Faces Database

Venturing for Others, Subject to Role Expectations? A Role Congruity Theory Approach to Social Venture Crowd Funding

Broadening the Stimulus Set: Introducing the American Multiracial Faces Database

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