Looming Cognitive Style and Its Associations with Anxiety and Depression: A Meta-analysis

Yeo, Gerard C.; Hong, Ryan Y.; Riskind, John H.

doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10089-1

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Our findings support the argument that detecting and overestimating the growing intensity and approach of a threat may have an evolutionary basis (Yeo et al, 2020 ) and when one has the tendency to view stimuli as more intense and rapidly approaching, this may lead to more uncertainty and discomfort with that uncertainty. Thus, the potential costs are greater which then leads to avoidant coping and further distress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…LCS has also been repeatedly shown to be related to worry (Riskind & Rector, 2018 ), such that people with high LCS may imagine more catastrophic images of mundane events as rapidly escalating in threat, which increases perceived threat levels leading to unnecessary worry (Borkovec et al, 1998 ). Moreover, LCS accounts for unique variance in worry after controlling for anxiety, depression, and intolerance of uncertainty (Yeo et al, 2020 ), and Atlan-Atalay ( 2018 ) found brooding and worry to mediate the relationship between LCS and anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intolerance of Uncertainty, Looming Cognitive Style, and Avoidant Coping as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19: a Longitudinal Study

Carter

Sbrocco

2021

J Cogn Ther

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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased distress and uncertainty. Understanding the progression of mental health and factors underlying the perpetuation of distress during the pandemic is pivotal in informing interventions and public health messaging. This current study examined longitudinal effects of two cognitive vulnerabilities, looming cognitive style, and intolerance of uncertainty, as well as coping styles on anxiety and depression through online questionnaires at two time points in the pandemic, May 2020 ( N = 1520) and August 2020 ( N = 545). Depression, but not anxiety, significantly increased across time, which was moderated by coping style. Serial mediation modeling using path analysis demonstrated a significant pathway illustrating increased looming cognitive style in the beginning of the pandemic leads to increased intolerance of uncertainty, avoidant coping, and anxiety later in the pandemic. Results suggest a novel model in conceptualizing anxiety during the pandemic, namely highlighting looming cognitive style as an underlying cognitive vulnerability factor and antecedent of intolerance of uncertainty and illuminating the temporal directionality between looming cognitive style and intolerance of uncertainty. These findings provide important implications regarding intervention and public health messaging with modifiable behavioral and cognitive factors to improve mental health during a pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intolerance of Uncertainty, Looming Cognitive Style, and Avoidant Coping as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19: a Longitudinal Study

Carter

Sbrocco

2021

J Cogn Ther

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“…Additional factors, such as, ruminative response styles, hopelessness and self-efficacy beliefs have not sufficiently been studied in past pandemics but may be relevant for understanding responses to COVID-19. There is evidence that the looming cognitive style (LCS) plays a significant role as a vulnerability factor for multiple forms of anxiety (Adler & Strunk, 2010 ; Riskind et al, 2000 ; Yeo et al, 2020 ). This maladaptive cognitive style may be particularly relevant to anxiety about pandemic illnesses, but no study has yet tested this potential association, necessitating future research.…”

Section: Summary and Limitations Of Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perfect Storm? Health Anxiety, Contamination Fears, and COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Past Pandemics and Current Challenges

2021

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“…. A meta-analysis of 141 effect sizes found that this style is more strongly associated with non-specific anxiety (k = 46, N = 7914, r = .32, CIs = .29 to .36, p<.001, I 2 =.59), social anxiety (k = 10, N = 4513, r = .41, CIs = .35 to .46, p<.001, I 2 =.00), and worry (k = 25, N = 4528, r = .38, CIs = .32 to .46) than with depression (k = 36, N = 7882, r = .27, CIs = .23 to .30, p<.001, I 2 =.47) (Yeo, Hong, & Riskind, 2020). Likewise, in the case of Panic Disorder, Olatunji and Wolitzky-Taylor (2009) reported that Anxiety Sensitivity (AS), the tendency to mistake bodily sensations related to anxiety as a harmful experience (see Taylor, 1999), was higher in Panic Disorder patients than non-clinical controls (k = 17, N = 14,920, d = 1.78, CIs 1.38 to 2.19, p < .001, Q(16) 442.01, p<.001).…”

Section: Uncertainty Distress In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 94%

Towards a model of uncertainty distress in the context of Coronavirus (Covid-19)

Freeston¹,

Tiplady²,

Mawn³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The paper forms part of a series of papers outlining the theoretical framework for a new model of uncertainty distress (this paper), treatment implications arising from the model, and empirical tests of the model. We define uncertainty distress as the subjective negative emotions experienced in response to the as yet unknown aspects of a given situation. In the first paper we drawn on a robust body of research on distinct areas including: threat models of anxiety, perceived illness uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty. We explore how threat and uncertainty are separable in anxiety and how we can understand behaviours in response to uncertainty. Finally, we propose a clinically, theoretically, and empirically informed model for uncertainty distress and outline how this model can be tested. Caveats, clinical applications and practitioner key points are briefly included, although these are more fully outlined in the treatment implications article. While we outline this model in the context of novel coronavirus (Covid-19), the model has broader applications to both mental and physical health care settings.

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Looming Cognitive Style and Its Associations with Anxiety and Depression: A Meta-analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 113 publications

Intolerance of Uncertainty, Looming Cognitive Style, and Avoidant Coping as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19: a Longitudinal Study

Intolerance of Uncertainty, Looming Cognitive Style, and Avoidant Coping as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19: a Longitudinal Study

A Perfect Storm? Health Anxiety, Contamination Fears, and COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Past Pandemics and Current Challenges

Towards a model of uncertainty distress in the context of Coronavirus (Covid-19)

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