LoRa Wireless Link Performance in Multipath Underground Mines

Emmanuel, Lloyed; Farjow, Wisam; Fernando, Xavier

doi:10.1109/3ict.2019.8910316

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Employing EGC, the combined received sequence is given by: r (ℓT p ) = r h (ℓT p ) e −jθ h + r v (ℓT p ) e −jθv (14) Here θ h and θ v are the estimated phases of h c and h s , respectively. Assuming coherent detection, the m th correlator can be expressed as…”

Section: A Principles Of Rpwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where (s H ⊥ s V ) and a H , b H , a V , b V ∈ R. Like the real and imaginary parts of a complex number on a complex plane, the resultant q of the above pair of constellations can be represented as a quaternion [14]:…”

Section: Appendix a Derivation Of Quaternion Rp-mpsk Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation (55) represents a quaternion or a three-dimensional complex symbol, where ι, j, κ are hyper-complex numbers having the following characteristics according to the definition of quaternion [14]:…”

Section: Appendix a Derivation Of Quaternion Rp-mpsk Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe degradation in error performance of LoRa has been reported due to multipath effects [13], [14]. The performance can be improved by use of higher spreading factors (SF) of 10 to 12 but at the expense of reduction in transmission rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LoRa and Rotating Polarization Wave: Physical Layer Principles and Performance Evaluation

et al. 2023

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Link reliability and enhanced coverage are the primitive concerns of Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) for suitability to critical Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Reliability is limited by the destructive multipath propagation, data rate and sensitivity, that ultimately limits the coverage range. LoRa by far is the predominant LPWAN operating on unlicensed spectrum. Despite its robust Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation, there is a severe degradation in its error performance particularly in hostile propagation environments, and an excessive reduction in coverage. Rotating Polarization Wave (RPW) is a potential LPWAN recently emerged to achieve a highly reliable IoT and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. This is the first paper to provide comprehensive error performance comparison between LoRa and RPW. Okumura-Hata model is used for median path loss calculation. Shadowing and fast fading margins of RPW and LoRa are estimated. Effective gain of RPW is computed from error performance. Results have shown that LoRa offers a sensitivity of 23 dB higher than RPW under AWGN conditions. However, under fading conditions, RPW exhibits a sensitivity of 15 dB higher than LoRa. At a reference distance of 100 m, the maximum received signal strength of RPW is -39 dBm, which is 29 dB above LoRa. The maximum coverage distance attained by RPW is 15 km, which is 1.5 times of LoRa.

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Section: A Principles Of Rpwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix a Derivation Of Quaternion Rp-mpsk Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix a Derivation Of Quaternion Rp-mpsk Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LoRa and Rotating Polarization Wave: Physical Layer Principles and Performance Evaluation

et al. 2023

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“…LoRa shows a better resilience to multipath only with SF from 10–12 but higher spreading means lower data transmission rate. A simulation study on the use of LoRa in underground mines has reported a 2.5 dB to 6 dB performance reduction to achieve a bit error rate (BER) as low as

[ 10 ]. NB-IoT and Wi-Fi HaLow offer high reliability, but they have limitations on data rate and range, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternion Model of Higher-Order Rotating Polarization Wave Modulation for High Data Rate M2M LPWAN Communication

Ahmad

Hashim

Rokhani

et al. 2021

Sensors

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With growing interest in Industry 4.0, machine-to-machine communication (M2M) will become the key enabler for low-power wide area networks (LPWANs) in connecting machines and sensor nodes distributed across a distance in the industrial environment. The choice of modulation and diversity techniques, and the selection of spectrum (licensed/unlicensed) will impact and influence the requirements of wireless M2M systems. Link reliability is one of the most important requirements for LPWAN deployment in industrial scenarios. Rotating Polarization Wave (RPW) system has been recently proposed as an LPWAN solution for reliable M2M communication in high clutter environment and it deploys BPSK modulation with polarization diversity (PD). This paper proposes a new multi-level Rotating Polarization Phase-Shift Keying (RP-MPSK) modulation to provide high data rate and energy efficiency. A novel quaternion model for RPW system (Q-RPW) is also proposed to reduce the complexity in modeling, simulation, and implementation. Results using Q-RPW model show that RP-MPSK modulation offers a high diversity gain over BPSK with second-order diversity. Bit error rate (BER) performance of RP-MPSK modulation compared against other LPWAN modulation like MPSK, FSK and QAM has shown high reliability and substantial improvement in SNR. To overcome the degradation in error performance caused by the proposed higher-order modulation, sampling rates are recommended based on BER performance. BER performance of RP-MPSK under multipath and interference conditions is also investigated.

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Development of a Novel Real-Time Environmental Parameters Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things with LoRa Modules in Underground Mines

Reddy,

Naik,

Mandela

2023

Wireless Pers Commun

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LoRa Wireless Link Performance in Multipath Underground Mines

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

LoRa and Rotating Polarization Wave: Physical Layer Principles and Performance Evaluation

LoRa and Rotating Polarization Wave: Physical Layer Principles and Performance Evaluation

Quaternion Model of Higher-Order Rotating Polarization Wave Modulation for High Data Rate M2M LPWAN Communication

Development of a Novel Real-Time Environmental Parameters Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things with LoRa Modules in Underground Mines

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