Los balances hídricos agrícolas en modelos de simulación agroclimáticos. Una revisión analítica

Abstract

RESUMENEn este artículo se analiza la aplicabilidad de los modelos agroclimáticos de simulación de cultivos CropWat v 8.0 y AquaCrop bajo la ocurrencia de los eventos ENOS (El Niño-Oscilación del Sur) y de cambio climá-tico. Igualmente se resalta la importancia de estos modelos porque permiten a los agricultores implementar medidas de manejo y ubicación de cultivares teniendo en cuenta las condiciones climáticas para participar desde el contexto territorial en el diseño e implementación de estrategias de mitigación y/o adaptación. De manera complementaria se comparan las diferentes metodologías utilizadas para la determinación de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ET o ) y se describen los atributos, características y aplicabilidad en la ecuación Penman-Monteith. Finalmente se define las variables del balance hídrico agrícola, indicando su aplicabilidad en la conservación o aumento de la productividad en diferentes escenarios. Se concluye que estos modelos son herramientas técnicas fundamentales en la planificación de siembras y de cosechas. ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the applicability of the agroclimatic crop simulation models CropWat v 8.0 and AquaCrop in the occurrence of ENSO (El Niño-Southern oscillation) events and climate change. The importance of these models is significant because they help farmers implement management measures and locate cultivars taking into account climatic conditions, thus allowing their participation, from the territorial context, in the design and implementation of strategies for mitigation and/or adaptation. Different methodologies used for determining the reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) were compared, and the attributes, characteristics and applicability with the Penman-Monteith equation were described. Finally, the variables of the agricultural water balance were determined, along with their applicability regarding the preservation or the increase of productivity in different scenarios. It was concluded that these models are essential technical tools for planning sowing and harvests.

Bovine manure and rock powder and their influences on the chemical characteristics of a Latossolo soil type (yellow oxisols) under butter kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) cultivation

“…Self-cleaning drippers with self-compensating emitters with a flow of 6.0 L h -1 were used, 0.40 m spaced between themselves and distributed along the lines. The methodology used for the irrigation calculation (Cleves et al, 2016) was based on Etc = Kc x ETo (crop evapotranspiration = crop coefficient × evapotranspiration of reference (mm d -1 ).…”

Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages and Water Quality in Rivers of the Dry Tropics of Costa Rica

“…The calculations for the hydrological behaviour (Figure 4) were done using the POWER Project (2020) program from NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) (https://power.larc. nasa.gov/) using a 0.5°× 0.5°grid cell system at 10.66°N, and-85.53 W. ET was calculated using Hargreaves's method (Allen et al, 2006), and the runoff followed the method of the United States Service of Soil Conservation (FAO, 1992;Cleves et al, 2016).…”

Functional analysis of trellising systems and their impact on quality and productivity in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. Flavicarpa and f. Pupurea, Degener) cultivars in Colombia

“…1.4 Temperature: for passion fruit cultivation, temperature is located in a range between 21ºC and 32ºC, with optimal temperatures between 24 ºC and 28 ºC; temperatures above 35ºC stimulate vegetative growth, limiting the flight of pollinating insects, simultaneously affecting fertilization processes by the dehydration of stigmas, limiting the fertilization of ovaries (CLEVES et al, 2009;FISCHER et al, 2009). Under tropical conditions, temperature is the climatological variable that presents minimal variations throughout the year (CLEVES et al, 2016).…”