Loss of Cell Potassium by <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> after Contact with Toxic Amounts of Copper Sulphate

McBrien, D. C. H.; Hassall, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1965.tb07005.x

Cited by 60 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Toxic copper concentrations give rise to scavenging systems against oxidative stress, and stimulate catalase, peroxidase and ethylene production which, in turn, stimulate lipoxygenase capacity (Gora & Clijsters 1989;Weckx et al 1993). Well-demonstrated responses to copper are potassium leakage due to destruction of biomembranes (McBrien & Hassall 1965) and induction of metal-binding polypeptides known as phytochelatins (Steffens 1990). The precise targets and primary toxic effects of copper within plant cells are not known for certain (Verkleij & Schat 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PR‐10 protein is induced by copper stress in roots and leaves of a Cu/Zn tolerant clone of birch, Betula pendula

Utriainen¹,

Kokko²,

Auriola

et al. 1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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The response of a Cu-and Zn-tolerant birch (Betula pendula) clone to copper stress was investigated. The plants were exposed to control and EC50 concentrations of Cu (0·3 and 30 µM CuSO 4 , respectively) for 7 d in hydroponic culture. Total proteins were extracted from the roots and leaves and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The differences in protein patterns on silver-or Coomassie-stained gels were analysed. The most apparent quantitative difference was the increase in the amount of a 17 kDa polypeptide caused by Cu stress in both roots and leaves. The protein was identified as Bet v 1-Sc3 (according to the current nomenclature PR-10c) using N-terminal amino acid sequencing and on-line highperformance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry. The present results indicate that PR-10 is not only activated by pathogens but also by excessive amounts of copper ions. PR-10 proteins in birch have been reported earlier not to be induced by Ag, Li or Cd in birch suspension culture, but Cu has not been previously tested.Key-words: birch pollen allergen; copper; Cu/Zn resistance; ESI-MS; heavy metals; pathogenesis-related protein; twodimensional electrophoresis.Abbreviations: CID, collision-induced dissociation; 2D, twodimensional; EC50, the concentration which inhibits the root growth by 50%; HPLC-ESI-MS, high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry; IEF, isoelectric focusing; PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride. INTRODUCTIONPlants respond to copper stress through a variety of biochemical reactions (Van Assche & Clijsters 1990). Copper is a redox-active heavy metal which, when present in excessive amounts, causes uncontrolled redox reactions in the cells, resulting in the formation of damaging free radical species, peroxidative destruction of biomembranes and, finally, cell death (Hochstein et al. 1980; Sandman & Böger 1980a,b;Freedman et al. 1989). Toxic copper concentrations give rise to scavenging systems against oxidative stress, and stimulate catalase, peroxidase and ethylene production which, in turn, stimulate lipoxygenase capacity (Gora & Clijsters 1989;Weckx et al. 1993). Well-demonstrated responses to copper are potassium leakage due to destruction of biomembranes (McBrien & Hassall 1965) and induction of metal-binding polypeptides known as phytochelatins (Steffens 1990). The precise targets and primary toxic effects of copper within plant cells are not known for certain (Verkleij & Schat 1990). However, data on enzyme induction indicate that copper might act mainly at the root level (Van Assche & Clijsters 1990).We have screened several micropropagated birch clones in hydroponics for their tolerance to copper and zinc (Utriainen et al. 1997). The aim of the present study was to characterize Cu-responsive proteins in the roots of the most tolerant clone. In order to understand metal tolerance in plants we need to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the biochemical adaptation. MATERIALS AN...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PR‐10 protein is induced by copper stress in roots and leaves of a Cu/Zn tolerant clone of birch, Betula pendula

Utriainen¹,

Kokko²,

Auriola

et al. 1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Ces observations suggèrent l'implication d'un second mécanisme de tolérance au cuivre qui, contrairement aux inclusions se manifesteraient après une exposition â long terme. Stokes, 1976;Leiand et al, 1979;Cain et al, 1980 CKamp-Nielsen, 1971;McBrien et Hassal, 1965;Dvernell, 1975;Riisgard, 1979;Riisgard et al, 1980 …”

Section: Mise En Garde/adviceunclassified

Effets du cuivre sur l ultrastructure de scenedesmus quadricauda et chlorella vulgaris en relation avec l acquisition de tolerance

Bastien¹

1986

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“…Ion leakage as a stress response has also been shown to be caused by other factors such as herbicides (14), chilling (7), ozone (5), heavy metals (8), and certain plant pathogens (2). However, while most of these stress factors cause a generalized leakage of a variety of solutes, UV at low fluences causes a specific K+ leakage from cultured rose cells (12).…”

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Effects of Extracellular pH on UV-Induced K⁺ Efflux from Cultured Rose Cells

Huerta

Murphy²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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Ultraviolet (UV) light causes a specific leakage of K+ from cultured rose cells (Rosa damascena). During K efflux, there is also an increase in extracellular HC03-and acidification of the cell interior. We hypothesized that the HC03-originated from intracellular hydration of respiratory CO2 and served as a charge balancing mechanism during K+ efflux, the K+ and HC03-being cotransported out of the cell through specific channels. An alternative hypothesis which would yield similar results would be the countertransport of K+ and H+. To test these hypotheses, we studied the effect of a range of extemal pH values (pH 5-9), regulated by various methods (pH-stat, 100 millimolar Tris-Mes buffer, or CO2 partial pressure), on the UV-induced K efflux. Both UV-C (<290 nanometers) and UV-B (290-310 nanometers) induced K+ efflux with a minimum at about pH 6 to 7, and greater efflux at pH values of 5, 8, and 9. Since pH values of 8 and 9 increased instead of reduced the efflux of K+, these data are not consistent with the notion that the efflux of K+ is dependent on an influx of H+, a process that would be sensitive to extemal H+ concentration. We suggest that the effect of pH on K+ efflux may be mediated through the titration of specific K -transporting proteins or channels in the plasma membrane. Since we could not detect the presence of carbonic anhydrase activity in cell extracts, we could not use the location of this enzyme to aid in our interpretation regarding the site of hydration of CO2. Solar UV radiation can stimulate a leakage of ions from plant cells. Ion leakage as a stress response has also been shown to be caused by other factors such as herbicides (14), chilling (7), ozone (5), heavy metals (8), and certain plant pathogens (2). However, while most of these stress factors cause a generalized leakage of a variety of solutes, UV at low fluences causes a specific K+ leakage from cultured rose cells (12). Treatment of suspension-cultured tobacco cells with Pseudomonas syringae, a bacterial plant pathogen, can also cause a specific leakage of K+ (2).The mechanism by which UV induces K+ leakage is not known. At present, it is thought to involve active metabolism, since the leakage is inhibited by anaerobiosis (10), as well as by chemical inhibitors of respiration, protein synthesis, and other biochemical processes (9,12 cellular HC03-as well as an increase in pH (about 0.2-0.3 pH units). There were no comparable net fluxes of other ions. They proposed a mechanism by which the electrical charge of the K+ efflux was balanced by a concomitant efflux of HCO3-, the HCO3-presumably originating from intracellular hydration of respiratory CO2 (Fig. lA). An alternative mechanism involves a counterflux of H+ from the outside to the inside of the cell (Fig. 1 B): in respiring cells, the H+ on the outside would be supplied to a great extent by the hydration of CO2 and dissociation of H2CO3 outside the cell. The second mechanism would be consistent with the conclusions of Atkinson et al. (2) regarding the K+/H+ counterfl...

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Loss of Cell Potassium by Chlorella vulgaris after Contact with Toxic Amounts of Copper Sulphate

Cited by 60 publications

References 8 publications

PR‐10 protein is induced by copper stress in roots and leaves of a Cu/Zn tolerant clone of birch, Betula pendula

PR‐10 protein is induced by copper stress in roots and leaves of a Cu/Zn tolerant clone of birch, Betula pendula

Effets du cuivre sur l ultrastructure de scenedesmus quadricauda et chlorella vulgaris en relation avec l acquisition de tolerance

Effects of Extracellular pH on UV-Induced K⁺ Efflux from Cultured Rose Cells

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Loss of Cell Potassium by Chlorella vulgaris after Contact with Toxic Amounts of Copper Sulphate

Cited by 60 publications

References 8 publications

PR‐10 protein is induced by copper stress in roots and leaves of a Cu/Zn tolerant clone of birch, Betula pendula

PR‐10 protein is induced by copper stress in roots and leaves of a Cu/Zn tolerant clone of birch, Betula pendula

Effets du cuivre sur l ultrastructure de scenedesmus quadricauda et chlorella vulgaris en relation avec l acquisition de tolerance

Effects of Extracellular pH on UV-Induced K+ Efflux from Cultured Rose Cells

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Effects of Extracellular pH on UV-Induced K⁺ Efflux from Cultured Rose Cells