Loss of genetic diversity in Culex quinquefasciatus targeted by a lymphatic filariasis vector control program in Recife, Brazil

Cartaxo, M.; Ayres, Constância Flávia Junqueira; Weetman, David

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.05.004

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In our study, we found that A R declined within most populations over time, although the decline was significant in only three out of the seven cases. A reduction in allelic richness was also observed in a small-scale study of Culex quinquefasciatus in Recife, Brazil [58]. This mosquito population was controlled through source reduction and the biological control of larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The Effective Population Size of Malaria Mosquitoes: Large Impact of Vector Control

et al. 2012

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Malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa have proven themselves very difficult adversaries in the global struggle against malaria. Decades of anti-vector interventions have yielded mixed results—with successful reductions in transmission in some areas and limited impacts in others. These varying successes can be ascribed to a lack of universally effective vector control tools, as well as the development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Understanding the impact of vector control on mosquito populations is crucial for planning new interventions and evaluating existing ones. However, estimates of population size changes in response to control efforts are often inaccurate because of limitations and biases in collection methods. Attempts to evaluate the impact of vector control on mosquito effective population size (Ne) have produced inconclusive results thus far. Therefore, we obtained data for 13–15 microsatellite markers for more than 1,500 mosquitoes representing multiple time points for seven populations of three important vector species—Anopheles gambiae, An. melas, and An. moucheti—in Equatorial Guinea. These populations were exposed to indoor residual spraying or long-lasting insecticidal nets in recent years. For comparison, we also analyzed data from two populations that have no history of organized vector control. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation to reconstruct their demographic history, allowing us to evaluate the impact of these interventions on the effective population size. In six of the seven study populations, vector control had a dramatic impact on the effective population size, reducing Ne between 55%–87%, the exception being a single An. melas population. In contrast, the two negative control populations did not experience a reduction in effective population size. This study is the first to conclusively link anti-vector intervention programs in Africa to sharply reduced effective population sizes of malaria vectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The Effective Population Size of Malaria Mosquitoes: Large Impact of Vector Control

et al. 2012

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“…Conversely, some mosquito populations regularly experience reductions in numbers because of vector control efforts, which could influence allele frequencies in these natural populations even though they are in HWE. For example, Cartaxo and others47 found that genetic diversity of populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Brazil decreased over a three-year period because of control efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genetic and Admixture Analyses of Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in California, United States

Kothera¹,

Nelms²,

Reisen³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Microsatellite markers were used to genetically characterize 19 Culex pipiens complex populations from California. Two populations showed characteristics of earlier genetic bottlenecks. The overall FST value and a neighbor-joining tree suggested moderate amounts of genetic differentiation. Analyses using Structure indicated K = 4 genetic clusters: Cx. pipiens form pipiens L., Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. pipiens form molestus Forskäl, and a group of genetically similar individuals of hybrid origin. A Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components indicated that the latter group is a mixture of the other three taxa, with form pipiens and form molestus contributing somewhat more ancestry than Cx. quinquefasciatus. Characterization of 56 morphologically autogenous individuals classified most as Cx. pipiens form molestus, and none as Cx. pipiens form pipiens or Cx. quinquefasciatus. Comparison of California microsatellite data with those of Cx. pipiens pallens Coquillett from Japan indicated the latter does not contribute significantly to genotypes in California.

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“…Reductions in population size can reduce A R by removing rare alleles, and a campaign against lymphatic filariasis did significantly reduce allelic richness in a Culex quinquefasciatus population in Brazil (Cartaxo et al. ). However, in populations that have fluctuated multiple times over the course of the last hundred generations or so, few rare alleles remain to be lost, and we would not necessarily expect to see rare allele loss reflected in A R during one of these periodical population size reductions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large fluctuations in the effective population size of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. during vector control cycle

Hodges

Athrey

Deitz

et al. 2013

Evolutionary Applications

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On Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been part of the Bioko Island Malaria Control Project since early 2004. Despite success in reducing childhood infections, areas of high transmission remain on the island. We therefore examined fluctuations in the effective population size (Ne) of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in an area of persistent high transmission over two spray rounds. We analyzed data for 13 microsatellite loci from 791 An. gambiae specimens collected at six time points in 2009 and 2010 and reconstructed the demographic history of the population during this period using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Our analysis shows that IRS rounds have a large impact on Ne, reducing it by 65%–92% from prespray round Ne. More importantly, our analysis shows that after 3–5 months, the An. gambiae population rebounded by 2818% compared shortly following the spray round. Our study underscores the importance of adequate spray round frequency to provide continuous suppression of mosquito populations and that increased spray round frequency should substantially improve the efficacy of IRS campaigns. It also demonstrates the ability of ABC to reconstruct a detailed demographic history across only a few tens of generations in a large population.

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Loss of genetic diversity in Culex quinquefasciatus targeted by a lymphatic filariasis vector control program in Recife, Brazil

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

The Effective Population Size of Malaria Mosquitoes: Large Impact of Vector Control

The Effective Population Size of Malaria Mosquitoes: Large Impact of Vector Control

Population Genetic and Admixture Analyses of Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in California, United States

Large fluctuations in the effective population size of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. during vector control cycle

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