Losses in high quality quartz crystal resonators at cryogenic temperatures

Galliou, Serge; Imbaud, Joël; Goryachev, Maxim; Bourquin, R.; Abbé, Philippe

doi:10.1063/1.3559611

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…the complex admittance Y = G + jB is plotted in the complex plane. This provides a way to extract efficiently and accurately the corresponding quality factor in the case of a piezoelectric resonator [6,16] (see Fig. 2).…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their Q-factor is typically 1.1 × 10 6 at 10 MHz when operating under vacuum at room temperature. Once at 4 K, their Q-factor can increase by two orders of magnitude or more, depending on several factors: material quality, surface roughness, stresses induced by the environment, etc [6,16]. Resonators have first been measured according to an electrodeless version, i.e.…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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A new method of probing mechanical losses of coatings at cryogenic temperatures

Galliou

Deléglise

Goryachev

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A new method of probing mechanical losses and comparing the corresponding deposition processes of metallic and dielectric coatings in 1-100 MHz frequency range and cryogenic temperatures is presented. The method is based on the use of extremely high-quality quartz acoustic cavities whose internal losses are orders of magnitude lower than any available coatings nowadays. The approach is demonstrated for Chromium, Chromium/Gold and a multilayer tantala/silica coatings. The Ta2O5/SiO2 coating has been found to exhibit a loss angle lower than 1.6 × 10 −5 near 30 MHz at 4 K. The results are compared to the previous measurements.

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Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

A new method of probing mechanical losses of coatings at cryogenic temperatures

Galliou

Deléglise

Goryachev

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…The values of ω r and Q could be measured either by fitting the curves of the measured noise spectra (Fig. 2) or by impedance analysis measurements with an excitation signal[2, 3,41]. Whereas the angular frequency estimation by both methods always coincides with a high degree of precision, the quality factor measurements show some discrepancy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of the fundamental Nyquist noise limit in an ultra-high Q-factor cryogenic bulk acoustic wave cavity

Goryachev

Ivanov

Kann

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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Thermal Nyquist noise fluctuations of high-Q Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) cavities have been observed at cryogenic temperatures with a DC Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) amplifier. High Q modes with bandwidths of few tens of milliHz produce thermal fluctuations with a Signal-To-Noise ratio of up to 23dB. The estimated effective temperature from the Nyquist noise is in good agreement with the physical temperature of the device, confirming the validity of the equivalent circuit model and the non-existence of any excess resonator self-noise. The measurements also confirm that the quality factor remains extremely high (Q > 10 8 at low order overtones) for very weak (thermal) system motion at low temperatures, when compared to values measured with relatively strong external excitation. This result represents an enabling step towards operating such a high-Q acoustic device at the standard quantum limit.Phonon-trapping Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) cavity resonator technology shows great potential for use in applications that require precision control, measurement and sensing at the quantum limit [1]. This is mainly due to the relatively high mechanical frequencies and extremely high Q-factors achievable in such devices at cryogenic temperatures (Q > 10 9 ), which potentially lead to extraordinarily large coherence times [2][3][4] beyond the capability of any other competing technology compared in [5]. This uniqueness has been perfected for decades for precision room temperature oscillators and related devices [6,7], culminating in Q × f -products as high as 2 · 10 13 Hz [8]. Interestingly, it is no longer the deficiency of the Q-factor, which halts further progress in the reduction of phase fluctuations, but rather the intrinsic fluctuations of the BAW resonator itself [9,10]. In particular, it has been concluded that further improvement of BAW based frequency sources could only be achieved by reducing the resonator flicker phase self-noise, since this is the dominant noise source of ultra-stable BAW oscillators both at cryogenic and room temperature [9,11].The origin of the flicker frequency noise is still poorly understood despite its significant influence on many systems [12,13] ranging from biological substances[14] to superconducting electronics [15,16]. The influence on the frequency stability of high-performance quartz oscillators on time scales of order 1-10 seconds is welldocumented [10,17,18] with several attempts to understand its origins [19][20][21]. It is also important for other mechanical resonators such as High Overtone [22] and Thin Film[23] BAW devices. On the other hand, coherence times of ultra-high Q quartz BAW cavities are predicted * maxim.goryachev@uwa.edu.au to exceed 10 seconds. Thus, the question of the influence of low Fourier frequency noise has never been raised with respect to these types of measurements due to the relatively low Q factors of the mechanical resonators utilised so far [24][25][26]. So, this type of noise can be another limiting factor on the coherence times of...

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“…For actual cryogenic acoustic cavities, the Q(ω) =const condition is not always fulfilled due to domination of other loss sources [34]. So, we estimate sensitivities for two devices that have been characterised at 4K and 20mK: Sample 1, 1.08 mm thick, 13 mm diameter electrode-separated disk cavities initially designed to sustain shear vibration of 5 MHz at room temperature (manufactured by BVA Industrie) [31][32][33]; 1 mm thick, 30 mm diameter electrode-separated disk cavities with higher grade surface polishing initially designed to sustain shear vibration of 5 MHz at room temperature (manufactured by Oscilloquartz SA) [33,34]. The resulting comparison is shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Strain Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technological advancement which allows this possibility is due to recent work on quartz bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators, which have been cooled to below 20 mK with outstanding acoustic properties [31][32][33][34]. Also, they have proven to be compatible with SQUID amplifiers and offer quantum limited amplification at mK temperatures [35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravitational wave detection with high frequency phonon trapping acoustic cavities

2014

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There are a number of theoretical predictions for astrophysical and cosmological objects, which emit high frequency (10 6 −10 9 Hz) Gravitation Waves (GW) or contribute somehow to the stochastic high frequency GW background. Here we propose a new sensitive detector in this frequency band, which is based on existing cryogenic ultra-high quality factor quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave cavity technology, coupled to near-quantum-limited SQUID amplifiers at 20 mK. We show that spectral strain sensitivities reaching 10 −22 per √ Hz per mode is possible, which in principle can cover the frequency range with multiple (> 100) modes with quality factors varying between 10 6 − 10 10 allowing wide bandwidth detection. Due to its compactness and well established manufacturing process, the system is easily scalable into arrays and distributed networks that can also impact the overall sensitivity and introduce coincidence analysis to ensure no false detections.

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Losses in high quality quartz crystal resonators at cryogenic temperatures

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

A new method of probing mechanical losses of coatings at cryogenic temperatures

A new method of probing mechanical losses of coatings at cryogenic temperatures

Observation of the fundamental Nyquist noise limit in an ultra-high Q-factor cryogenic bulk acoustic wave cavity

Gravitational wave detection with high frequency phonon trapping acoustic cavities

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