Losses of essential mineral nutrients by polishing of rice differ among genotypes due to contrasting grain hardness and mineral distribution

Hansen, Thomas H.; Lombi, Enzo; Fitzgerald, Melissa; Laursen, Kristian Holst; Frydenvang, J.; Husted, Søren; Boualaphanh, Chanthakhone; Resurreccion, Adoracion P.; Howard, Daryl L.; Jonge, Martin D. de; Paterson, David; Schjøerring, Jan K.

doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2012.07.002

Cited by 65 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…High bran/polished rice ratio of As, Ni, and Mn (Table and Figure ) indicated that these three elements are mainly located in rice bran in comparison with polished rice. It is reported that As and Mn are mainly localized in the outer regions of the rice grains (i.e., aleurone/pericarp or outer parts of the endosperm), (Meharg, Sun, et al, ) and the areas where As and Mn mainly accumulation corresponds to the position of the ovular vascular trace (Hansen et al, ; Lombi et al, ). Lombi et al believed that the larger concentration present in the bran compared with the corresponding polished rice may have two possible reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of elements and their correlation in bran, polished rice, and whole grain

Yao

Chen

Sun

2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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The relationship of toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr) and trace elements (Cu, Se, Ni, Zn, Mn) in rice bran and corresponding polished rice is not well known. A total of 446 rice grains were collected from paddy fields distributed across China, and the concentrations of 8 elements in rice bran and their corresponding polished rice were measured. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, and Se have a good linear relationship between rice bran and polished rice (R2: .79, .97, .82, .99, respectively; all p < .001). Polishing rice could effectively remove the average contents of 44.4% As, 19.8% Cd, and 15.4% Cr in the whole grain, but caused the substantial losses of more than half of Mn and Ni (57.7% and 56.9%), and nearly one‐third (30.9%, 31.5%, and 29.1%) of Cu, Se, and Zn in brown rice although only about 10% of rice bran was milled. The "L" type correlation exists not only between As and Cd, but also between the nutrients Se, Mn, Ni, and the toxic elements As, Cd. These results indicated that As accumulation in rice could reduce the levels of essential mineral nutrients Mn, Ni, and Se. On the contrary, improving nutrient elements by fertilization could decrease the accumulation of some toxic elements. This provides a practical new idea for the prevention and control of rice As or Cd, and concomitantly improves the deficiency of nutrient elements in rice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of elements and their correlation in bran, polished rice, and whole grain

Yao

Chen

Sun

2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…The concentrations of 16 elements were simultaneously determined in samples of brown (unmilled) rice grains using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Unmilled rather than white (milled) kernels were evaluated to allow detection of variation in concentrations of elements that primarily accumulate in bran as well as those that accumulate primarily in endosperm and to prevent confounding the data with variance from potential milling differences (Hansen et al, 2012; Saenchai et al, 2012). The study of whole‐grain brown rice makes this study consistent with, and more directly relevant to, biofortification research in other grain crops such as wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) (Salunke et al, 2012; Wu et al, 2013; Borrill et al, 2014), maize ( Zea mays L.) (Baxter et al, 2012a), and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) (Cercamondi et al, 2013) as well as prior studies in Arabidopsis thaliana (Vreugdenhil et al, 2004; Baxter et al, 2012b) and rice (e.g., Norton et al, 2012, 2014; Kuramata et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Genetic Diversity for Mineral Element Concentrations in Rice Grain

et al. 2015

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With the aim of identifying rice (Oryza spp.) germplasm having enhanced grain nutritional value, the mineral nutrient and trace element concentrations (or ionome) of whole (unmilled) grains from a set of 1763 rice accessions of diverse geographic and genetic origin were evaluated. Seed for analysis of p, Mg, K, S, Ca, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, rb, Sr, and Zn concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was produced over 2 yr in Beaumont, TX, under both flooded and unflooded watering regimes. The distributions of all element concentrations analyzed were skewed toward higher concentration. A significant portion of this ionomic variation has a genetic basis (broad sense heritabilities 0.14-0.75), indicating an ability to breed for improved grain concentration of all elements except possibly Ni. Variation in grain elemental concentrations was not strongly associated with plant height, heading time, or grain shape, suggesting these physiological factors are not of primary importance in controlling ionomic variation in rice grain. Accessions high in specific elements were sometimes found to have similar genetic or geographic origins, suggesting they share a heritable mechanism underlying their enhanced ionomes. For example, accessions with high Ca, Mg, or K were more common in the indica than in the japonica subgroup; low As was most common among temperate japonica accessions; and several lines high in Mo originated in Malaysia or adjacent Brunei.

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“…The only drawback of element distribution imaging employing micro-XRF is the absence of suitable software for fully quantitative analysis. Studies using micro-XRF can provide elemental distribution maps constructed by displaying the number of counts integrated over the energy window, corresponding to the strongest Kα or Lα lines of the mapped elements or integrated after X-ray spectra deconvolution, using software such as PyMCA (Solé et al , 2007) and normalization to dwell time and beam current (Lombi et al , 2011; Regvar et al , 2011; Tolrà et al , 2011; Hansen et al , 2012). This makes the element distribution maps of tissues and cells of different origin and/or treatment and those recorded under different experimental conditions difficult to compare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron

Singh

Vogel‐Mikuš

Arčon

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Iron insufficiency is a worldwide problem in human diets. In cereals like wheat, the bran layer of the grains is an important source of iron. However, the dietary availability of iron in wheat flour is limited due to the loss of the iron-rich bran during milling and processing and the presence of anti-nutrients like phytic acid that keep iron strongly chelated in the grain. The present study investigated the localization of iron and phosphorus in grain tissues of wheat genotypes with contrasting grain iron content using synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE). X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was employed to determine the proportion of divalent and trivalent forms of Fe in the grains. It revealed the abundance of oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur in the local chemical environment of Fe in grains, as Fe-O-P-R and Fe-O-S-R coordination. Contrasting differences were noticed in tissue-specific relative localization of Fe, P, and S among the different genotypes, suggesting a possible effect of localization pattern on iron bioavailability. The current study reports the shift in iron distribution from maternal to filial tissues of grains during the evolution of wheat from its wild relatives to the present-day cultivated varieties, and thus suggests the value of detailed physical localization studies in varietal improvement programmes for food crops.

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Losses of essential mineral nutrients by polishing of rice differ among genotypes due to contrasting grain hardness and mineral distribution

Cited by 65 publications

References 28 publications

Distribution of elements and their correlation in bran, polished rice, and whole grain

Distribution of elements and their correlation in bran, polished rice, and whole grain

Worldwide Genetic Diversity for Mineral Element Concentrations in Rice Grain

Pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron

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