“…Although there are also many types of image, such as binary images, 8-bit and 16-bit grayscale images, 8-bit indexed images, and 8-bit and 16-bit red, green, and blue (RGB) images, we only cover 8-bit and 16-bit grayscale and RGB images in this article. A detailed review of run-length, Shannon-Fano, LZW, Huffman, and arithmetic coding was carried out in [3]. Four parameters are used to evaluate a lossless image compression algorithm: the compression ratio (CR), bits per pixel (bpp), encoding time (ET), and decoding time (DT), and bpp is the simply the inverse of the CR; therefore, we only consider the CR, ET, and DT when evaluating these methods.…”