Lossless watermarking scheme for enhancing security of medical data in PACS

Guo, Xiaotao; Zhuang, Ting

doi:10.1117/12.480450

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For example, two head-MRIs of two different patients can have different ROIs. A subjective RONI selection [ 6 , 7 , 20 – 22 ] is thus often used ( e.g. , manual ROI selection by a doctor), which reduces the embedding performance ( e.g.…”

Section: Proposed Embedding Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Content-independent embedding scheme for multi-modal medical image watermarking

Nyeem

Boles

Boyd

2015

BioMedical Engineering OnLine

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BackgroundAs the increasing adoption of information technology continues to offer better distant medical services, the distribution of, and remote access to digital medical images over public networks continues to grow significantly. Such use of medical images raises serious concerns for their continuous security protection, which digital watermarking has shown great potential to address.MethodsWe present a content-independent embedding scheme for medical image watermarking. We observe that the perceptual content of medical images varies widely with their modalities. Recent medical image watermarking schemes are image-content dependent and thus they may suffer from inconsistent embedding capacity and visual artefacts. To attain the image content-independent embedding property, we generalise RONI (region of non-interest, to the medical professionals) selection process and use it for embedding by utilising RONI’s least significant bit-planes. The proposed scheme thus avoids the need for RONI segmentation that incurs capacity and computational overheads.ResultsOur experimental results demonstrate that the proposed embedding scheme performs consistently over a dataset of 370 medical images including their 7 different modalities. Experimental results also verify how the state-of-the-art reversible schemes can have an inconsistent performance for different modalities of medical images. Our scheme has MSSIM (Mean Structural SIMilarity) larger than 0.999 with a deterministically adaptable embedding capacity.ConclusionsOur proposed image-content independent embedding scheme is modality-wise consistent, and maintains a good image quality of RONI while keeping all other pixels in the image untouched. Thus, with an appropriate watermarking framework (i.e., with the considerations of watermark generation, embedding and detection functions), our proposed scheme can be viable for the multi-modality medical image applications and distant medical services such as teleradiology and eHealth.

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Section: Proposed Embedding Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Content-independent embedding scheme for multi-modal medical image watermarking

Nyeem

Boles

Boyd

2015

BioMedical Engineering OnLine

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“…Although watermarking has an impact, more or less, on perceptual quality and difficulties with legacy content, Guo and Zhuang [103] suggested three ways to overcome the distortion induced in images by watermark embedding. They are: (1) defining acceptable range of distortion for watermarking; (2) separating an image into protection zone and insertion zone such as ROI (region of interest) and RONI (region of noninterest); and (3) considering watermarking as an invertible manner to recover the original image at the watermark decoder site.…”

Section: Digital Watermarking Versus Other Security Measures/toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these suggest that a combination of suitable type of watermarking schemes, where the concept of multiple watermarking stems from, can be developed in order to address the rising security problems of medical images in teleradiology [77,[105][106][107]. Studies also show that incorporation of asymmetric encryption and lossless compression can help attain additional confidentiality, nonrepudiation property, high embedding capacity [15,103,108].…”

Section: Digital Watermarking Versus Other Security Measures/toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Medical Image Watermarking Requirements for Teleradiology

2012

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Teleradiology allows medical images to be transmitted over electronic networks for clinical interpretation and for improved healthcare access, delivery, and standards. Although such remote transmission of the images is raising various new and complex legal and ethical issues, including image retention and fraud, privacy, malpractice liability, etc., considerations of the security measures used in teleradiology remain unchanged. Addressing this problem naturally warrants investigations on the security measures for their relative functional limitations and for the scope of considering them further. In this paper, starting with various security and privacy standards, the security requirements of medical images as well as expected threats in teleradiology are reviewed. This will make it possible to determine the limitations of the conventional measures used against the expected threats. Furthermore, we thoroughly study the utilization of digital watermarking for teleradiology. Following the key attributes and roles of various watermarking parameters, justification for watermarking over conventional security measures is made in terms of their various objectives, properties, and requirements. We also outline the main objectives of medical image watermarking for teleradiology and provide recommendations on suitable watermarking techniques and their characterization. Finally, concluding remarks and directions for future research are presented.

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“…Whether the aim is to store or to transfer the medical information from source to destination for further diagnosis, security is the key issue which should not be compromised in any sense so, there is a need of strong security measures for preserving the medical information. Watermarking for natural images embeds the digital information without much altering the image pixels which is often called imperceptibility which is an important requirement in the watermarking of digital data [11]. A novel watermarking scheme to verify the authenticity and integrity of the digital mammographic images is presented in [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arrange the redundant residued watermark matrix into vector form.10. Encode each entry of the redundant residued vector using Error correcting codes (63,16,11) which gives us an encoded redundant residued watermark.11. Organize the encoded redundant residued watermark in a vector and concatenate it with the hash computed in step 6 and call it a concatenated watermark W c as, W…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust and fragile watermarking for medical images using redundant residue number system and chaos

Naseem¹,

Qureshi²,

Rahman³

et al. 2020

NNW

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This research discusses a novel watermarking scheme using redundant residue number system and chaos. The salient feature of said research is that image remains fragile while the watermark information is made robust. Image pixels are converted into residues so that the unaided eye could not see the image contents. To make the image invisible to the unaided eye, only the ROI part of image is passed through the Residue Number System thus, to enhance the secrecy of the image. While converting the ROI part of image into residues, there are some residues which exceed eight bits so, these residues are converted to exact eight bits by pertaining some intelligent mechanism. To achieve the robustness of watermark, firstly redundant residues of watermark are made and then the resultant watermark is encoded through error correcting codes. To achieve the fragility of image, hashing technique is utilized. Hash of the entire image but with the residued ROI is combined with the encoded and redundant residued watermark and then resultant watermark is embedded in the Region of non-interest (RONI) zone of native image rooted on the chaotic key in order to enhance the security of the watermark. In case of no tampering, fragile watermark can be successfully recovered as well as exact recovery of the original image but if the image is attacked, the fragile watermark is destroyed while the robust watermark is extracted with better readability.

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Lossless watermarking scheme for enhancing security of medical data in PACS

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Content-independent embedding scheme for multi-modal medical image watermarking

Content-independent embedding scheme for multi-modal medical image watermarking

A Review of Medical Image Watermarking Requirements for Teleradiology

Robust and fragile watermarking for medical images using redundant residue number system and chaos

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