Lossy/Lossless Grounded Inductance Simulators Using Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (CFOA)

Abstract

Active elements are critical in implementing active filters, oscillators, rectifiers, and signal processing circuits. We observe that several active circuits have been proposed in the literature. In this study, we have proposed four inductance simulators that employ only one active circuit current feedback operational amplifier and three or four passive components. The first and fourth topologies are designed for series lossy inductance, whereas the second and third topologies are designed for lossless negative inductance simulators. A passive RLC filter is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed inductance simulators. The simulations performed with the LTSpice program and the results agree with the theoretical analysis.

Novel FDNR, FDNC and lossy inductor simulators employing second generation voltage conveyor (VCII)

“…12 Inductors and capacitors are indispensable components in analog circuits. [13][14][15][16] The major limitations curtailing the use of the spiral inductors are their bulky nature, high cost, large silicon area and lack of electronic tunability. Moreover, the current fabrication technology supports monolithic inductors of around 1nH and limited quality factors.…”

“…The most widely used active elements for the synthesis of inductance, FDNR, FDNC simulators are the second generation current conveyor (CCII), 17,20 fully differential current conveyor (FDCCII), 8 current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA), 6,15 current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA), 21 operational trans-resistance amplifier (OTRA), 4,10 dual X current conveyor (DXCCII), 7 voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC), 18 voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) 11,22 etc.…”

Grounded synthetic series lossy inductor simulator circuits employing single current differencing buffered amplifier

“…As conventional inductors are physically bulky and large, they are not convenient to fabricate for assembling electronic systems. 1 For the design of active inductors, researchers have come up with a variety of active building blocks (ABBs), which have been prominently employed in the past for simulating the inductors that include current conveyor and its variants, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs), [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] inverting CFOA, 19 commercially available device LT1228, 20 four-terminal floating nullors (FTFN), 21 four-terminal floating nullors transconductance amplifiers (FTFNTA), 22 transconductance amplifier and its variants, [23][24][25][26][27][28] voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA), [29][30][31] voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VDDIBA), 32 voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA), 33 voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA), 34 operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA), 35,36 second generation voltage conveyor (VCII), 37 voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDA), 38 operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), 39 voltage differencing current conveyors (VDCC), 40 control...…”

“…From Table 1, it is noted that the circuits reported in Refs. [2][3][4][5]7,8,15,18,22,24,26,27 do not provide independent tunability of inductance. In addition, the circuits presented in Refs.…”

“…In addition, the circuits presented in Refs. 2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]36 do not provide electronic tunability of inductance. In most of the reported circuits, the parasitic resistances and capacitances are present at the input of the utilized ABBs that affect the performance of the circuits.…”