Lost in translation: Cultural codes are not blueprints

Aldrich, Howard E.; Yang, Tiantian

doi:10.1002/sej.1125

Cited by 69 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Hence, a 'deeper appreciation is required of the periods of intense, fundamental learning that surround these discontinuous experiences in relation to subsequent phases of more stable and gradual learning' (Cope 2005, 390). If crises affect entrepreneurial learning trajectories (Cope 2005), and entrepreneurs creatively use resources to resolve these crises (Baker and Nelson 2005), it seems logical that we need to understand better the responses through which entrepreneurs create the capacity to survive when faced with resource scarcity (Aldrich and Yang 2012;Jones and Macpherson 2006). In this paper, we argue that, by dealing with resource constraints when faced with critical episodes, entrepreneurs engage in a number of practical activities to overcome their problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Developing dynamic capabilities through resource accretion: expanding the entrepreneurial solution space

Macpherson

Herbane

Jones

2015

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

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We report our findings from the analysis of crisis episodes that resulted in the development of new capabilities in eight small firms. When dealing with resource constraints in periods of crisis, entrepreneurs engaged in a number of actions to develop their firms' capabilities. By accreting resources such as knowledge, skills and other assets, entrepreneurs were able to expand their repertoire of potential solutions and change the firm's learning trajectory. Our contribution is to describe the process of resource accretion (the gradual accumulation and integration of resources) through grafting and bonding of capabilities into the firm's ambit, which is dependent on the proximities, salience and relationships of resources. We observe three patterns within the accretion pathways of the eight firms in the study, namely the combination of coping mechanisms, the extension of networks, and the reprisal of previously successful solutions. These activities support resource accretion and the subsequent expanded solution space where entrepreneurs begin the process of embedding new capabilities. Such coping routines are necessary antecedents for the development of nascent dynamic capabilities in small firms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Developing dynamic capabilities through resource accretion: expanding the entrepreneurial solution space

Macpherson

Herbane

Jones

2015

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

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“…This follows multiple calls for a contextual explanation of entrepreneurship (Aldrich and Yang 2012;Welter 2011;Mungai and Velamuri 2011;Kloosterman 2010;Jack and Anderson 2002) and wider sociological theory that conceptualizes individual actions as arising from historical social processes (e.g. Bourdieu 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life course pathways to business start-up

Jayawarna

Rouse

Macpherson

2014

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

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We explore how socially embedded life courses of individuals within Britain affect the resources they have available and their capacity to apply those resources to start-up. We propose that there will be common pathways to entrepreneurship from privileged resource ownership and test our propositions by modelling a specific life course framework, based on class and gender. We operationalize our model employing 18 waves of the British Household Panel Survey and event history random effect logistic regression modelling. Our hypotheses receive broad support. Business start-up in Britain is primarily made from privileged class backgrounds that enable resource acquisition and are a means of reproducing or defending prosperity. The poor avoid entrepreneurship except when low household income threatens further downward mobility and entrepreneurship is a more attractive option. We find that gendered childcare responsibilities disrupt class-based pathways to entrepreneurship. We interpret the implications of this study for understanding entrepreneurship and society and suggest research directions.

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“…In the wake of civil conflict, formal institutions may set the rules of the game orthogonal to entrepreneurial vitality even while informal shared understandings may run counter to those regulations (Hiatt and Sine 2014). Further, an informal institutional environment can encourage actors to start firms but the formal environment can make the development and growth of those firms problematic (Aldrich and Yang 2012). These examples suggest that nonregulatory institutions may shape the influence of regulations on entrepreneurial outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formal and informal institutions may be supportive of entry but not growth. For example, informal cognition and norms might encourage individuals to start firms in an unaccommodating formal environment that renders the growth of new ventures problematic (Aldrich and Yang 2012). Hong Kong is an example since the formal ease of starting a business is high (World Bank 2012) and there is a strong cultural tradition of business ownership (Mok 2005), yet entrepreneurial growth is more difficult for a number of reasons and most firms are small businesses.…”

Section: Misaligned Types Of Institutional Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New firms may simply not know how to comply with regulatory demands. Founders of new firms, particularly if it is their first venture, are often unequipped with the knowledge needed to comply with external demands such as regulations (Aldrich and Yang 2012). New firms then often try to comply, but without knowing how to comply their actions fall back on established templates of action (Bromley and Powell 2012).…”

Section: Propositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Institutions and Entrepreneurial Activity: The Interactive Influence of Misaligned Formal and Informal Institutions

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We contribute to the institutions and entrepreneurship literature by examining the interactive influence of formal and informal institutions on new business creation, survival, and growth. Prior literature demonstrates how formal and informal institutions shape the level of entrepreneurship. This paper extends this to examine the cases when formal and informal institutions conflict with one another to cast an analytic eye on why countries differ in the type of entrepreneurial activity in terms of entry, survival, and growth. We argue that national and regional differences can be better explained by the interactive influence of formal and informal institutions. Moreover, we argue that informal institutions dominate formal institutions due to the former's characteristics of deep embeddedness and resistance to change over time. These ideas are presented and summarized into a typology of institutional effects on entrepreneurship activity depending on the combination of formal and informal institutions. The paper concludes with implications for future theory and research on the joint influence of different institutional effects and particularly on the intersection between institutions and entrepreneurship.

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Lost in translation: Cultural codes are not blueprints

Cited by 69 publications

References 77 publications

Developing dynamic capabilities through resource accretion: expanding the entrepreneurial solution space

Developing dynamic capabilities through resource accretion: expanding the entrepreneurial solution space

Life course pathways to business start-up

Institutions and Entrepreneurial Activity: The Interactive Influence of Misaligned Formal and Informal Institutions

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