Lost in virtual gaming worlds: Grit and its prognostic value for online game addiction

Abstract

This study provides initial support for the clinical relevance of grit for online game addiction. (Am J Addict 2018;XX:1-6).

Internet Gaming Disorder and Its Associated Personality Traits: A Systematic Review Using PRISMA Guidelines

“…The same studies also reported that IGD was predicted by negative valence (Charlton and Danforth 2010), schizotypal traits (Schimmenti et al 2017), narcissism (Kırcaburun et al 2018;Kim et al 2008), sadism (Kırcaburun et al 2018), grit (Borzikowsky and Bernhardt 2018), negative affectivity, detachment, and psychoticism (Laier et al 2018). Others reported that IGD was negatively correlated with histrionic trait (Gonzalez-Bueso et al 2018), grit (i.e., ability to be persistent in pursuit of long-term goals) (Borzikowsky and Bernhardt 2018), and oppositional and self-demeaning traits (which refer to self-defeating personality disorder patterns at DSM-II-R) (Torres-Rodríguez et al 2018). Finally, one investigated temperament and character components of personality, and reported that those with IGD had higher novelty seeking and harm avoidance scores than the healthy individuals (Lee et al 2017).…”

“…With regard to key methodological features of studies, all studies reviewed were empirical and quantitative nature. The majority of the studies employed a cross-sectional design (Braun et al 2016;Charlton and Danforth 2010;Chiu et al 2004;Collins et al 2012;Gonzalez-Bueso et al 2018;Kim et al 2008;Kim et al 2016;Lee et al 2017;Lehenbauer-Baum and Fohringer 2015;Mehroof and Griffiths 2010;Müller et al 2014;Schimmenti et al 2017;Torres-Rodríguez et al 2018;Walther et al 2012;Wang et al 2015;Wittek et al 2016), and five studies adopted a mixed-methods design (Borzikowsky and Bernhardt 2018;Hu et al 2017;Kırcaburun et al 2018;Laier et al 2018;Li et al 2016). Excluding three studies that combined both self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews (Gonzalez-Bueso et al 2018;Müller et al 2014;Torres-Rodríguez et al 2018), the remaining 18 studies used self-report questionnaires to collect data.…”

“…Excluding three studies that combined both self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews (Gonzalez-Bueso et al 2018;Müller et al 2014;Torres-Rodríguez et al 2018), the remaining 18 studies used self-report questionnaires to collect data. Moreover, while ten studies employed online surveys with self-report measures for assessing IGD (Borzikowsky and Bernhardt 2018;Braun et al 2016;Charlton and Danforth 2010;Collins et al 2012;Kırcaburun et al 2018;Kim et al 2008;Laier et al 2018;Lehenbauer-Baum and Fohringer 2015;Mehroof and Griffiths 2010;Schimmenti et al 2017), and 11 studies used paper-and-pencil survey methods (Chiu et al 2004;Gonzalez-Bueso et al 2018;Hu et al 2017;Kim et al 2016;Lee et al 2017, Li et al 2016Müller et al 2014;Torres-Rodríguez et al 2018;Walther et al 2012;Wang et al 2015;Wittek et al 2016).…”

“…Regarding the geographic characteristics of the included studies, five studies were from Germany (Borzikowsky and Bernhardt 2018;Braun et al 2016;Laier et al 2018;Müller et al 2014;Walther et al 2012), three were from South Korea (Kim et al 2008;Kim et al 2016;Lee et al 2017), two from Spain (Gonzalez-Bueso et al 2018;Torres-Rodríguez et al 2018), two from China (Hu et al 2017;Li et al 2016), two from the UK (Collins et al 2012;Mehroof and Griffiths 2010), one from Turkey (Kırcaburun et al 2018), one from Belgium (Schimmenti et al 2017), one from Norway (Wittek et al 2016), one from Hong Kong (Wang et al 2015), and one from Taiwan (Chiu et al 2004). Additionally, there were two crosscultural studies; the first one collected data from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (Lehenbauer-Baum and Fohringer 2015), the second collected data from USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and European Countries (Charlton and Danforth 2010).…”

“…All the studies included adult samples apart from seven studies that included adolescent samples (Gonzalez-Bueso et al 2018;Hu et al 2017;Kim et al 2016;Li et al 2016;Torres-Rodríguez et al 2018;Walther et al 2012;Wang et al 2015). Seven studies comprised student samples (Chiu et al 2004;Hu et al 2017;Kim et al 2016;Li et al 2016;Mehroof and Griffiths 2010;Walther et al 2012;Wang et al 2015); four studies included outpatients (Gonzalez-Bueso et al 2018;Lee et al 2017;Müller et al 2014;Torres-Rodríguez et al 2018); nine studies included gamers (Borzikowsky and Bernhardt 2018;Charlton and Danforth 2010;Hu et al 2017;Kırcaburun et al 2018;Kim et al 2008;Laier et al 2018;Lehenbauer-Baum and Fohringer 2015;Schimmenti et al 2017;Wittek et al 2016); and with the exception of three studies (Hu et al 2017;Laier et al 2018;Wittek et al 2016), all studies that included gamers comprised Massively-Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) gamers.…”