Lost Seasonality and Overconsumption of Plants:  Risking Oxalate Toxicity

Norton, Sally K

doi:10.15310/2334-3591.1085

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…Oxalates are considered to be potentially toxic and have caused accidental deaths. 106 Interestingly, oxalic acid was the poison chosen for the first experimental toxicology study published in 1823. 107 Oxalate concentration inside the human body increases mainly because of the consumption of food like rhubarb, star fruit, and sorrel, which have been cited as the major sources of oxalates.…”

Section: Safety Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Verma

Kore

Corbin

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

119

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Energy-efficient metal recovery and separation processes from a mixture of valuable metals are vital to the metallurgy and recycling industries. Oxalate has been identified as a sustainable reagent that can provide both the desired selectivity and efficient leaching capabilities for a variety of mixed metals under mild reaction conditions. The oxalate process has a great potential to replace many of the existing metal recovery processes that use inorganic acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids. In this Review, the use of oxalate chemistry in four major metal recovery applications is discussed, namely, spent lithium-ion batteries, spent catalysts, valuable ores, and contaminated and unwanted waste streams. Recycling of critical and precious metals from spent lithium-ion batteries and catalysts has significant economic opportunities. For efficient metals recovery, reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, time, and concentration), metal−oxalate complex formation, oxidation and reduction, and metal precipitation must all be well-understood. This Review provides an overview from articles and patents for a variety of metal recovery processes along with insights into future process development.

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Section: Safety Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxalates are considered to be potentially toxic and have caused accidental deaths . Interestingly, oxalic acid was the poison chosen for the first experimental toxicology study published in 1823 .…”

Section: Safety Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Verma

Kore

Corbin

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) was unknown in traditional populations consuming minimal amounts of carbohydrates such as the Inuit and Indigenous North Americans, indicating that animal sources of vitamin C are sufficient within the context of a low carbohydrate diet (Price, 2010). Finally, many edible plants accessible by Neanderthals contain anti‐nutrients such as tannins, phytates and oxalates which bind to and directly decrease the bioavailability of micronutrients (Cordain, 1999; Gibson et al, 2018; Lindeberg, 2009; Norton, 2018). A diet low in these anti‐nutrients may have increased bioavailability of animal‐food‐derived nutrients and resulted in good conditions for reproduction, cognitive development and physical activity despite a lack of high carbohydrate intake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Was there a need for high carbohydrate content in Neanderthal diets?

Klement

2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives In a recent paper, Hardy et al. (2022, Journal of Human Evolution 162: 103105) claim that the physiological Neanderthal requirement for plant carbohydrates may have reached 50%–60% of caloric intake, inferred from modern dietary guidelines and a putative need for high carbohydrate intake in pregnant/breastfeeding women and athletes. The aim of this article is to critically re‐examine these arguments under the premise that hominins could adapt to hypercarnivorous diets and low carbohydrate consumption. Materials and Methods Literature on ketogenic and carnivore diets was retrieved. A case report of a male rugby player voluntarily undertaking a carnivore diet under medical supervision is presented. Results Human metabolism is highly flexible towards adapting to long‐term low carbohydrate intakes by producing and utilizing ketone bodies. The evidence base of dietary guidelines is weak, and carbohydrate intake recommendations for athletes and during pregnancy/lactation are uncertain, making a translation to Neanderthal diets questionable. The studied rugby player maintained his sports performance and health over a 4‐months period despite minimal carbohydrate intake. Discussion Human physiology appears to have an extraordinary ability to utilize ketone bodies as a fuel for the brain and skeletal muscle, in particular also during exercise. The translation of dietary guidelines to Neanderthals and interpretation of studies in subjects not adapted to ketosis may be biased by a “glucocentric” perspective supposing that high carbohydrate intake is necessary for maintaining health. Allowing for the possibility of keto‐adaption leads to a more coherent integration of archeological and physiological data.

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Clinical research framework proposal for ketogenic metabolic therapy in glioblastoma

Duraj,

Kalamian,

Zuccoli

et al. 2024

BMC Med

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with a universally lethal prognosis despite maximal standard therapies. Here, we present a consensus treatment protocol based on the metabolic requirements of GBM cells for the two major fermentable fuels: glucose and glutamine. Glucose is a source of carbon and ATP synthesis for tumor growth through glycolysis, while glutamine provides nitrogen, carbon, and ATP synthesis through glutaminolysis. As no tumor can grow without anabolic substrates or energy, the simultaneous targeting of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is expected to reduce the proliferation of most if not all GBM cells. Ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT) leverages diet-drug combinations that inhibit glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and growth signaling while shifting energy metabolism to therapeutic ketosis. The glucose-ketone index (GKI) is a standardized biomarker for assessing biological compliance, ideally via real-time monitoring. KMT aims to increase substrate competition and normalize the tumor microenvironment through GKI-adjusted ketogenic diets, calorie restriction, and fasting, while also targeting glycolytic and glutaminolytic flux using specific metabolic inhibitors. Non-fermentable fuels, such as ketone bodies, fatty acids, or lactate, are comparatively less efficient in supporting the long-term bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of cancer cell proliferation. The proposed strategy may be implemented as a synergistic metabolic priming baseline in GBM as well as other tumors driven by glycolysis and glutaminolysis, regardless of their residual mitochondrial function. Suggested best practices are provided to guide future KMT research in metabolic oncology, offering a shared, evidence-driven framework for observational and interventional studies.

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Lost Seasonality and Overconsumption of Plants: Risking Oxalate Toxicity

Cited by 4 publications

References 127 publications

Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Was there a need for high carbohydrate content in Neanderthal diets?

Clinical research framework proposal for ketogenic metabolic therapy in glioblastoma

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