Loudness of Pure Tones at Low and Infrasonic Frequencies

Møller, Henrik; Andresen, Jente

doi:10.1177/026309238400300201

Cited by 88 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The method of constant stimuli was used for the measurement by Robinson and Dadson [2] while we used the randomized maximum likelihood sequential procedure [8,19]. Gabriel et al [21] and Takeshima et al [8] reported that PSE measured by the method of constant stimuli may be strongly affected by the level setting of variable stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equal-loudness contours between 1 kHz and 12.5 kHz for 60 and 80 phons.

Takeshima

Suzuki

Ashihara

et al. 2002

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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IntroductionAn equal-loudness level contour (ELC) is defined as a curve that ties up the sound pressure levels having equal loudness as a function of frequency. ELCs over the whole range of audibility have been standardized as ISO 226 [1], which is based on the data provided by Robinson and Dadson [2]. In 1985, Fastl and Zwicker [3] reported that equalloudness levels of 70 phons at around 400 Hz specified in ISO 226 were inconsistent with those estimated by Zwicker's loudness calculation method specified in ISO 532B [4]. This report triggered works to re-determine the ELCs. The authors have been conducting a series of experiments to obtain ELCs for Japanese subjects [5][6][7][8]. Similar experiments have been conducted in Germany and in Denmark [9][10][11][12][13]. All these recent studies have consistently shown that equal-loudness levels at frequencies below 1 kHz are significantly higher than the corresponding contours specified in ISO 226.In the high frequency range, however, only few sets of data are available above 70 phons in recent data [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Equal-loudness levels of 90 phons were measured at frequency up to 4 kHz [8] and those of 80 phons were measured up to only 1 kHz [11,13]. Therefore, if new equalloudness contours were standardized based on such recent data, it would be quite difficult to standardize the new contours above 70 phons at frequencies above 1 kHz because of the lack of data above 1 kHz at 80 phons. Hence, equalloudness levels at 80 phons for frequencies from 1 kHz to 12.5 kHz as well as equal-loudness levels at 60 phons and thresholds of hearing for the same frequency range were measured in this study. Equal-loudness levels at 60 phons were measured because only one research group, Betke and Mellert [9], has reported data above 1 kHz.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The randomized maximum likelihood sequential procedure [8,19], which is known to be robust against the range effect, was used for the measurements of equal-loudness levels. A reference stimulus and a variable stimulus were presented as a pair.…”

Section: Measurement Of Equal-loudness Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal-loudness contours between 1 kHz and 12.5 kHz for 60 and 80 phons.

Takeshima

Suzuki

Ashihara

et al. 2002

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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“…Sie vermitteln Druck-, Berührungs-, Kitzel-und Vibrationswahrnehmungen [17]. Unterhalb 10 Hz können sogar die Schalldruckschwankungen wahrgenommen werden [8]. Körpervibrationen entstehen durch tieffrequenten Schall und Umgebungsvibrationen.…”

Section: Definition Und Wahrnehmung Von Infraschall Und Tieffrequenteunclassified

“…Es gibt darüber hinaus Hinweise auf für tieffrequenten Schall außerordent-lich sensible Personen [8] ßenordnung wie die Abmessungen der Umgebungsstrukturen liegen (z.B. Häu-ser, Räume und Brücken) [5].…”

Section: Definition Und Wahrnehmung Von Infraschall Und Tieffrequenteunclassified

Infraschall und tieffrequenter Schall – ein Thema für den umweltbezogenen Gesundheitsschutz in Deutschland?

2007

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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“…The loudness of low-frequency noise is not especially high, because the hearing sensitivity of a human being declines at low frequencies 6) . Therefore, low-frequency noise hardly causes adverse physical effects on the auditory organs, such as noise-induced hearing loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Relationship between Subjective Unpleasantness and Body Surface Vibrations Induced by High-level Low-frequency Pure Tones

et al. 2005

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Human body surface vibrations induced by high-level low-frequency pure tones were measured at the chest and the abdomen. At the same time, the subject rated the unpleasantness that he had just perceived during the exposure to low-frequency noise stimulus. Examining the relationship between the measured vibration and the rating score of the unpleasantness revealed that the unpleasantness was in close correlation with the vibration acceleration level (VAL) of the vibration measured. Taking previous results into account, this finding suggests that noise-induced vibrations primarily induce vibratory sensations and through the vibratory sensation or together with some other factors, secondarily contribute to the unpleasantness. The present results suggest that in evaluating high-level low-frequency noise, the effect of vibration should be taken into account.

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Loudness of Pure Tones at Low and Infrasonic Frequencies

Cited by 88 publications

References 7 publications

Equal-loudness contours between 1 kHz and 12.5 kHz for 60 and 80 phons.

Equal-loudness contours between 1 kHz and 12.5 kHz for 60 and 80 phons.

Infraschall und tieffrequenter Schall – ein Thema für den umweltbezogenen Gesundheitsschutz in Deutschland?

A Study on the Relationship between Subjective Unpleasantness and Body Surface Vibrations Induced by High-level Low-frequency Pure Tones

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