Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project

Cacciatore, Stefano; Calvani, Riccardo; Marzetti, Emanuele; Picca, Anna; Coelho-Júnior, Hélio José; Martone, Anna Maria; Massaro, Claudia; Tosato, Matteo; Landi, Francesco

doi:10.3390/nu15041026

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The absence of a definitive correlation, as shown in Figure 1 , underscores the complexity of factors influencing the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio beyond diet and physical activity alone. These could potentially include hormonal variations [ 23 ], metabolic rates [ 24 ], or even genetic predispositions [ 25 ], none of which were accounted for in this current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Fat-to-Lean Mass Ratio

Padua,

Caprio,

Feraco

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of a personalised low-calorie Mediterranean Diet (MD) in promoting fat mass (FM) reduction while preserving fat-free mass (FFM). This study involved 100 Caucasian adults aged 18–65 years who followed a tailored low-calorie MD for two months. The total energy expenditure was assessed using a multi-sensor armband. The change in body composition (BC) was evaluated using the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio, calculated as the difference in the FM to FFM ratio before and after the diet, divided by the ratio before the diet, and multiplied by 100. A negative value indicates a greater decrease in FM than FFM, while a positive value suggests a greater increase in FM than FFM. This study demonstrated a significant FM reduction, with an average decrease of 5% (p < 0.001). However, the relationship between caloric reduction and the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio showed a weak negative correlation (r = −0.03, p > 0.05). This suggests that the calorie deficit had a minimal direct impact on the BC changes. Subjects over the age of 30 showed an increase in muscle mass, while younger subjects showed no significant changes. Moreover, a direct correlation was observed between the changes in MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) values and the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio, indicating that improved average physical activity intensity positively influences BC. In the female subgroup, high protein intake, exercise intensity, and the duration of physical activity were positively correlated with an improvement in the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio. However, for individuals with BMI 20–25 kg/m2, high fibre intake was surprisingly negatively correlated with the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio. This study underscores the intricate interplay between calorie restriction, physical activity intensity, and BC changes. It also suggests that individual factors, including age, gender, and BMI, may influence the response to a low-calorie MD. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm and expand upon these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Fat-to-Lean Mass Ratio

Padua,

Caprio,

Feraco

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Body mass index (BMI) was defined as weight (kilograms) divided by the square of height (metres). Healthy diet was considered as the consumption of at least three portions of fruit and/or vegetables per day 19 . Regular participation in physical activity was considered as involvement in exercise training at least twice a week 20 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple medical device development according to normative values of calf circumference across ages: results from the Italian Longevity Check‐up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project

Martone,

Ciciarello,

Galluzzo

et al. 2023

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundWide consensus exists on the notion that low muscle mass is a predictor of negative health‐related events, such as disability, morbidity, and mortality. Indeed, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 had identified muscle mass as the key component to confirm the diagnosis of sarcopenia. However, the lack of normative values for muscle mass across ages hampers the practical assessment of this important parameter. The aim of the present study was to produce cross‐sectional centile and normative values for calf circumference (a surrogate estimation of muscle mass) across a wide spectrum of ages using a large and unselected sample of community‐dwellers enrolled in the Longevity Check‐up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study using the data of Lookup 7+ project, an ongoing study started in June 2015 and conducted in unconventional settings (i.e., exhibitions, malls, and health promotion campaigns). Candidate participants were considered eligible for enrolment if they were at least 45 years of age and provided written informed consent. Calf circumference was measured using an inextensible but flexible plastic tape in a sitting position with the knee and ankle at a right angle and the feet resting on the floor. Normative values for calf circumference from ages 45 to 80 + years were generated.ResultsA total of 11 814 participants were enrolled from 1 June 2015 to 30 September 2022. The mean age of participants included in the analyses was 61.8 years (standard deviation; 10.2 years; range: 45–98 years), and 6686 (57%) were women. Normative values for calf circumference were obtained for men and women, stratified by age groups. Accordingly, a calf circumference tape, with colour bands that demarcate the centiles range into which the patient falls, was created and validated.ConclusionsOur study established age‐ and gender‐specific centile reference values for calf circumference. The calf circumference tape can be used to easily interpret the assessment in every‐day practice for the early detection of individuals with or at risk of sarcopenia and malnutrition.

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“…The arm being assessed had the elbow flexed at 90 • near the torso, and the hand neutral with thumbs up. A maximal contraction was performed over four seconds using a handheld hydraulic dynamometer (North Coast Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer; North Coast Medical, Inc., Morgan Hill, CA, USA) [32]. One familiarization trial was allowed before the actual testing.…”

Section: Operationalization Of Sarcopenia and Adherence To Exercise M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the STS test, participants had to get up from a chair as quickly as they could while keeping their arms crossed at their chest. Timing was started when participants raised their buttocks off the chair and was halted when they were seated at the conclusion of the fifth stand [32].…”

Section: Operationalization Of Sarcopenia and Adherence To Exercise M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engagement in Aerobic Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Severe Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults

Coelho-Júnior

Calvani

Picca

et al. 2023

JPM

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The present study was conducted to test the association between adherence to specific exercise modalities and sarcopenia severity in Italian older adults. Data were collected as part of the ongoing Longevity Check-Up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project. Lookup 7+ began in June 2015 and has since been conducted in unconventional settings (e.g., exhibitions, malls, social events) throughout Italy. In the present study, we used data on adults 65 years and older. Sarcopenia was identified according to the simultaneous presence of dynapenia and low appendicular muscle mass. Muscle strength was measured by isometric handgrip and sit-to-stand (STS) testing. Sarcopenia was categorized as severe if participants reported difficulty or inability to walk 400 m. Engagement in running and/or swimming (RS) or strength training with or without stretching (SS) was used to define exercise modalities. Analyses were conducted in 3289 participants (mean age: 72.7 ± 5.7 years; 1814 women). The results of the binary regression showed negative associations between RS and the presence of STS-based sarcopenia in women, and between RS and STS-based severe sarcopenia in men. Collectively, these findings indicate that RS is negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in large sample of relatively unselected Italian older adults.

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Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project

Cited by 28 publications

References 83 publications

The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Fat-to-Lean Mass Ratio

The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Fat-to-Lean Mass Ratio

A simple medical device development according to normative values of calf circumference across ages: results from the Italian Longevity Check‐up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project

Engagement in Aerobic Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Severe Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults

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