Low ambient oxygen prevents atherosclerosis

Kang, Ju Gyeong; Sung, Ho Joong; Amar, Marcelo; Pryor, Milton; Remaley, Alan T.; Allen, Michele D.; Noguchi, Audrey; Springer, Danielle; Kwon, Jaeyul; Chen, Jichun; Park, Ji hoon; Wang, Ping Yuan; Hwang, Paul M.

doi:10.1007/s00109-016-1386-3

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The apoE -/-mice allow a good assessment of plaque in the aorta and indeed, plaque area was markedly reduced. Kang et al [11] found a brisk upregulation of IL-10 under the hypoxemic conditions. VEGF expression also increased.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…In this issue, Kang et al [11] have revisited the Baltitude protects from atherosclerosis^hypothesis. They exposed apoE -/-mice long-term to a fraction inspired oxygen percentage (FiO 2 ) of 10 % (sea level is 20.9 % FiO 2 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps a nice control for this apoE -/-mice experiment would be to take the mice to La Rinconada, Peru that resides at 5100 m. An alternative could be Wenquan, Tibet at 4870 m. But, then again, the experiments of Kang et al [11] were conducted under normobaric hypoxia (sea level atmospheric pressure 760 mmHg), which is not quite the same as hypobaric hypoxia in the real world. Another aspect the authors might have considered is what the effects of hypoxemiainduced increase in alveolar ventilation could have had on their models [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Adaptation to living or training in hypoxic environments (altitude training) continues to gain interest from sport scientists and endurance athletes. Few persons will move to La Rinconada, Peru on the basis of the data presented by Kang et al [11]. However, fitness lovers have alternatives including normobaric hypoxia training centers.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1 Others have categorized cytokines into pro-atherogenic, antiatherogenic, and variable, that is, Bnot so sure^ [10]. Kang et al [11] suggest that chronic hypoxemia via INF-γ influences the antiinflammatory IL-10 to protect against atherosclerosis in apoE -/-mice 8 h a day. IHH-exposed mice did not significantly differ from control mice in plasma lipid levels, including triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hypoxemia as a model for high altitude and cardiovascular risk reduction

Luft

2016

J Mol Med

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Is high-altitude living healthy? Perhaps in wealthy Aspen, Colorado. Data from China suggest that the least healthy place to live there is in Tibet [1]. Of course epidemiological surveys have to be taken with (do I dare say it?) a grain of salt. High altitude could benefit cardiovascular function. Residents of the Himalayan valleys are uniquely adapted to their hypoxic environment in terms of pulmonary vasculature. Bruno et al.[2] inspected their systemic cardiovascular function. They studied 95 high-altitude dwellers and 64 controls. Bruno et al. [2] conducted cardiac ultrasound, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, carotid geometry and stiffness, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) in their subjects. Eleven high-altitude dwellers that had reduced FMD were studied after 1 h 100 % O 2 administration. High-altitude dwellers presented lower FMD and hyperemic velocity than controls, while systolic pulmonary artery pressure was higher, despite their adaptation. In multiple regression analysis performed in high-altitude dwellers, hyperemic velocity remained an independent predictor of FMD, after adjustment for baseline brachial artery diameter, room temperature and pulse pressure, explaining almost 10 % of its variance. On the contrary, in controls, brachial artery diameter remained the only independent predictor of FMD, after adjustment for confounders. The 100 % O 2 administration did not modify vascular variables.The risk factors for ischemic heart disease in Tibetan highlanders have been investigated. Fujimoto et al. [3] found that although Tibetans had remarkably high hematocrit values and a decrease of eicosapentaenoic acid in both serum total lipids and serum phospholipid possibly due to their diet, they were considered to have a low incidence of ischemic heart disease. These positive risk factors are likely counteracted by other negative risk factors that were identified. Tibetan highlanders showed a decreased level of palmitic acid and an increased level of linoleic acid in serum phospholipids, which could protect against atherosclerosis. In a study of cardiovascular risk in indigenous Argentinean children living at high altitude, there was a substantially higher prevalence of high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared to similar children from Buenos Aires [4]. These results are not encouraging. For hypertension, the main cardiovascular risk factor, the epidemiological data at altitude also do not inspire confidence. For instance, Mingji et al. [5] studied the relationship between altitude and the prevalence of hypertension in Tibet. In their investigation, a scatter plot of altitude against overall prevalence revealed a direct correlation. Metaregression analysis revealed a 2 % increase in the prevalence of hypertension with every 100 m increase in altitude. The locations and socioeconomic status of subjects affected the awareness and subsequent treatment and control of hypertension. Thus, an immediate argument that living at high altitude leads to cardiovascu...

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